Adaptation of the glucocorticosterone response to novelty☆

Hp, Pfister; Mg, King

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(76)90267-5

Cited by 61 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Consistent with this view, we reported here that after 6-8 hr of habituation, when corticosterone levels should have returned to baseline (Pfister and King 1976), animals still showed robust sensitization. Indeed, the effect of various stressors on corticosterone is relatively transient (Friedman and Ader 1967;Grota et al 1997;Koolhaas et al 1997), including the effect of novelty (Pfister and King 1976). This is difficult to reconcile with the notion that increased corticosterone levels are directly responsible for the group differences in sensitization we observed.…”

Section: Effect Of Environmental Novelty On the Induction Of Psychomosupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Thus, it is possible that the enhanced acute response to amphetamine seen in the NOVEL group was due to elevated corticosterone levels. Consistent with this notion, the psychomotor response to amphetamine was reduced following 1 hr of habituation, when corticosterone levels also would be reduced (Pfister and King 1976). After 6-8 hr of habituation to the test environment corticosterone levels should have returned to baseline (Pfister and King 1976), and at this time the effect of novelty on the acute psychomotor response to amphetamine was gone.…”

Section: Effect Of Environmental Novelty On the Acute Psychomotor Resmentioning

confidence: 57%

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The Ability of Environmental Context to Facilitate Psychomotor Sensitization to Amphetamine Can Be Dissociated from Its Effect on Acute Drug Responsiveness and on Conditioned Responding

Crombag

Badiani

Chan

et al. 2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

112

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Doses of amphetamine or cocaine that fail to induce psychomotor sensitization when given to a rat in its home NO . 6 Psychomotor Sensitization to Amphetamine 681 increasing attention because the neural changes underlying sensitization to drugs of abuse may contribute to addiction (Lett 1989;Piazza et al. 1989;Robinson and Berridge 1993). In studying the conditions that facilitate or retard sensitization we have found that the context in which drugs are administered has a large effect on their ability to induce psychomotor sensitization (Badiani et al. 1995a(Badiani et al. , 1995bRobinson et al. 1998, for review). For example, doses of amphetamine, cocaine, or morphine that fail to induce psychomotor sensitization when given in the home cage, induce robust sensitization when given in a distinct and relatively novel environment (Badiani et al. 2000b;Browman et al. 1998aBrowman et al. , 1998bCrombag et al. 1996). The mechanisms responsible for the facilitation of sensitization by a distinct environment are not known, but it is tempting to relate them to associative learning processes (Badiani et al. 1995a(Badiani et al. , 1995b. Indeed, it has been suggested that sensitization may be the result of a progressive increase in the ability of treatment-related stimuli to elicit a conditioned response (CR), which adds to the unconditioned drug response (UR) (Hinson and Poulos 1981;Pert et al. 1990;Tilson and Rech 1973). If this hypothesis is correct, manipulations that degrade the ability of contextual stimuli to acquire conditioned stimulus (CS) properties should attenuate the facilitation of sensitization that occurs when drugs are administered in a distinct environment. Increasing the interval between presentation of the would-be CS and the unconditioned stimulus (US) is known to impair conditioning (Kimble 1947;Pickens and Crowder 1967). Therefore, in the present experiment we studied the effect of increasing the CS-US interval on the development of sensitization produced by amphetamine, by habituating rats to the test environment prior to drug administration. The psychomotor stimulant effects of repeated intravenous (i.v.) injections of amphetamine were assessed by quantifying rotational behavior in rats with a unilateral 6-OHDA lesion. Injections were given (1) in the absence of any environmental stimuli predictive of drug administration (HOME groups); (2) immediately after rats were placed into a distinct environment (NOVEL groups); or (3) in a distinct environment, but after either 1 or 6-8 hr of habituation to that environment (1 hr and 6-8 hr HABITUA-TION groups). Intravenous injections of amphetamine were given using remote-controlled syringe pumps. Thus, amphetamine was administered in the absence of the aversive stimuli associated with other routes of experimental drug administration (e.g., appearance of an experimenter, handling, needle jab). MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects and Behavioral MeasureMale Sprague-Dawley rats (Harlan Sprague Dawley, Indianapolis, IN), weighing 200-225 g on arrival were individu...

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Section: Effect Of Environmental Novelty On the Induction Of Psychomosupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Effect Of Environmental Novelty On the Acute Psychomotor Resmentioning

confidence: 57%

The Ability of Environmental Context to Facilitate Psychomotor Sensitization to Amphetamine Can Be Dissociated from Its Effect on Acute Drug Responsiveness and on Conditioned Responding

Crombag

Badiani

Chan

et al. 2001

Neuropsychopharmacology

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Removal for any purpose exposes the animal to overly novel, frequently noxious, and always stressful, stimuli ' (Lindburg & Coe 1995). Novelty of the environment activates the pituitary-adrenal axis in rodents and non-human primates (Friedman & Ader 1967, Brown & Martin 1974, P ster & King 1976, Line et al 1987, Cabib et al 1990. 'Removing an animal from its home cage prior to monitoring anything biological will probably affect the event being monitored' (Mitchell & Gomber 1976).…”

Section: Other Extraneous Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common husbandry-related variables in biomedical research with animals

Reinhardt

2004

Lab Anim

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A good management program provides the environment, housing, and care that . . . minimizes variations that can affect research' (National Research Council 1996). It would be naïve to rely on data collected from an animal who experiences depression and frustration resulting from an inability to show species-typical behaviours, or who experiences discomfort, pain, fear, anxiety and mental distress resulting from enforced bodily restraint. These experiences are re ected in the animal's physiological, psychological and behavioural responses to a test or to an experiment.The responses, however, differ from individual to individual because the experience itself is subjective. It is, at the least, questionable to do reliable 'scienti c' research under such methodological conditions because the data collected are bound to be in uenced by unaccounted-for extraneous variables such as distress, fear, anxiety, discomfort, depression and boredom. Sound scienti c methodology requires that research data should not be in uenced by uncontrolled variables and that the results can be replicated by other laboratories. 'Unless these requirements are met, an experiment is not considered scienti cally valid' (American Medical Association 1992).

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“…Individuals have an inherent capacity to cope with the psychological stress in the form of stress adaptation (Agrawal et al, 2011) and there is a reduction in the sensitivity of stress responsive elements, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) during repeated stress episodes (Pfister and King, 1976). There is another well documented physiological and biochemical phenomenon known as 'cross adaptation' in which there is reduced stress responsiveness to a novel stressor in previously stress adapted organisms (Kvetnansky et al, 2002;Sabban and Serova, 2007;Launay et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%