Adaptation of New Colombian Food-based Complementary Feeding Recommendations Using Linear Programming

Tharrey, Marion; Olaya, Gilma; Fewtrell, Mary; Ferguson, Elaine

doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000001662

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…In the context of severe malnutrition, it was shown that no combination of local foods was able to achieve a nutrient density as high as diets promoted by the WHO, thus showing the need for fortified foods in this specific health condition ( 70 ). Several others studies have found that nutritional adequacy was only attainable via the inclusion of fortified products ( 47 , 48 , 69 ). For example, in Kenya, with no zinc-fortified water, only 76% of the zinc RVs could be covered in the nutritionally best diet for young children, which was improved to 101% with the fortified product ( 48 ).…”

Section: Nutritionally Adequate Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron, zinc, and calcium were common problem nutrients in children aged 6–23 mo living in Indonesia ( 68 ), in 5 Southeast Asian countries ( 47 ), and in Kenya ( 42 , 43 ), whereas vitamin A and zinc were problematic for Kenyan children aged 4–6 y ( 48 ). Thiamin was identified as the only “problem nutrient” for a population of children from Bogota (Colombia) aged 12 mo ( 69 ). When nutrient gaps remain with locally available food sources, there is evidence for advocacy to modify the food supply in order to reach nutritional adequacy.…”

Section: Nutritionally Adequate Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical Optimization to Explore Tomorrow's Sustainable Diets: A Narrative Review

Gazan

Brouzes

Vieux

et al. 2018

Advances in Nutrition

122

134

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A sustainable diet is, by definition, nutritionally adequate, economically affordable, culturally acceptable, and environmentally respectful. Designing such a diet has to integrate different dimensions of diet sustainability that may not be compatible with each other. Among multicriteria assessment methods, diet optimization is a whole-diet approach that simultaneously combines several metrics for dimensions of diet sustainability. This narrative review based on 67 published studies shows how mathematical diet optimization can help with understanding the relations between the different dimensions of diet sustainability and how it can be properly used to identify sustainable diets. Diet optimization aims to find the optimal combination of foods for a population, a subpopulation, or an individual that fulfills a set of constraints while minimizing or maximizing an objective function. In the studies reviewed, diet optimization was used to examine the links between dimensions of diet sustainability, identify the minimum cost or environmental impact of a nutritionally adequate diet, or identify food combinations able to combine ≥2 sustainability dimensions. If some constraints prove difficult to fulfill, this signals an incompatibility between nutrient recommendations, over-monotonous food-consumption patterns, an inadequate supply of nutrient-rich foods, or an incompatibility with other dimensions. If diet optimization proves successful, it can serve to design nutritionally adequate, culturally acceptable, economically affordable, and environmentally friendly diets. Diet optimization results can help define dietary recommendations, tackle food security issues, and promote sustainable dietary patterns. This review emphasizes the importance of carefully choosing the model parameters (variables, objective function, constraints) and input data and the need for appropriate expertise to correctly interpret and communicate the results. Future research should make improvements in the choice of metrics used to assess each aspect of a sustainable diet, especially the cultural dimension, to improve the practicability of the results.

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Section: Nutritionally Adequate Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nutritionally Adequate Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Optimization to Explore Tomorrow's Sustainable Diets: A Narrative Review

Gazan

Brouzes

Vieux

et al. 2018

Advances in Nutrition

122

134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Optifood allows users to identify population-specific dietary nutrient gaps and develop food-based recommendations (FBR) centered on locally available and acceptable foods, accounting for existing dietary patterns and economic feasibility [14]. In addition, the approach can be used to evaluate the ability of existing and novel nutrient supplements and fortified foods to meet population-specific nutritional requirements [15,16,17,18,19], although it has, to date, primarily been used for infants and young children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Dietary Intake and Nutrient Gaps, and Development of Food-Based Recommendations, among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Zinder, Niger: An Optifood Linear Programming Analysis

et al. 2019

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Pregnant and lactating women in rural Niger are at high risk for inadequate intakes of multiple micronutrients. Thus, 24 h dietary recalls were conducted and analyzed for dietary intakes in this population (n = 202). Using linear programming analyses, micronutrient gaps in women’s diets were identified, food-based recommendations (FBR) to improve dietary micronutrient adequacy were developed, and various supplementation strategies were modelled. Energy intakes were below estimated requirements, and, for most micronutrients, >50% of women were at risk of inadequate intakes. Linear programming analyses indicated it would be difficult to select a diet that achieved recommended dietary allowances for all but three (vitamin B6, iron and zinc) of 11 modeled micronutrients. Consumption of one additional meal per day, and adherence to the selected FBR (daily consumption of dark green leafy vegetables, fermented milk, millet, pulses, and vitamin A fortified oil), would result in a low percentage of women at risk of inadequate intakes for eight modeled micronutrients (vitamin A, riboflavin, thiamin, B6, folate, iron, zinc, and calcium). Because the promotion of realistic FBRs likely will not ensure that a low percentage of women are at risk of inadequate intakes for all modeled micronutrients, multiple micronutrient supplementation or provision of nutrient-dense foods should be prioritized.

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first study that has investigated the sensitivity of FBR and of identified problem nutrients to the selection of dietary intake data, criteria and energy and fat requirements by linear programming. The sensitivity of the results of linear programming to the model input data is often mentioned, but rarely quantified [9,23,25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensitivity of the developed FBR and of identified problem nutrients to these choices is often described only in general terms in the discussion of papers using linear programming [9][10][11][12][22][23][24][25][26], but rarely quantified by sensitivity analysis [9,23,25,26]. It is therefore unknown what effect the choice of dietary intake data, selection criteria and energy and nutrient requirement data have on the final results of linear programming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Food-Based Recommendations Developed Using Linear Programming to Model Input Data in Young Kenyan Children

et al. 2021

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Food-based recommendations (FBR) developed using linear programming generally use dietary intake and energy and nutrient requirement data. It is still unknown to what extent the availability and selection of these data affect the developed FBR and identified problem nutrients. We used 24 h dietary recalls of 62 Kenyan children (4–6 years of age) to analyse the sensitivity of the FBR and problem nutrients to (1) dietary intake data, (2) selection criteria applied to these data and (3) energy and nutrient requirement data, using linear programming (Optifood©), by comparing a reference scenario with eight alternative scenarios. Replacing reported by estimated consumption frequencies increased the recommended frequencies in the FBR for most food groups while folate was no longer identified as a problem nutrient. Using the 10–90th instead of the 5–95th percentile of distribution to define minimum and maximum frequencies/week decreased the recommended frequencies in the FBR and doubled the number of problem nutrients. Other alternative scenarios negligibly affected the FBR and identified problem nutrients. Our study shows the importance of consumption frequencies for developing FBR and identifying problem nutrients by linear programming. We recommend that reported consumption frequencies and the 5–95th percentiles of distribution of reported frequencies be used to define the minimum and maximum frequencies.

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Adaptation of New Colombian Food-based Complementary Feeding Recommendations Using Linear Programming

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Mathematical Optimization to Explore Tomorrow's Sustainable Diets: A Narrative Review

Mathematical Optimization to Explore Tomorrow's Sustainable Diets: A Narrative Review

Assessment of Dietary Intake and Nutrient Gaps, and Development of Food-Based Recommendations, among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Zinder, Niger: An Optifood Linear Programming Analysis

Sensitivity of Food-Based Recommendations Developed Using Linear Programming to Model Input Data in Young Kenyan Children

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