Abstract:SUMMARYIn three separate experiments, the response of three populations of Agrostis capillaris L., Nardus stricta L., and Lolium perenne L., from areas differing in ambient air pollution concentrations, were examined in experimental fumigations using SO.^, O.,, NO, and NH.,. Growth of .4. capillaris generally increased following the fumigations, except at the highest pollutant concentrations (120/(g m •' (),,, alone or combined with 150//g m •' SO, and 35 //g m -NO.j). (Jrow-th of each population of A^. strict… Show more
“…In a calcareous soil, red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was sensitive to ozone, and plant populations declined while populations of other plants, including some known turf weeds, such as Plantago lanceolata L., increased (Thwaites et al, 2006). Exposure to ozone may be toxic to turfgrasses in some instances (Ashenden et al, 1996) but in other situations has li le to no signifi cant eff ect, depending on factors such as the adapted varieties or species, environmental conditions, and time (Dueck et al, 1988;Bender et al, 2006). Some turfgrasses, such as Agrostis capillaris L., have adapted to air polluted with ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonia and show a positive growth response to increasing concentrations of these pollutants (Dueck et al, 1988).…”
Section: Absorption Of Pollutantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Exposure to ozone may be toxic to turfgrasses in some instances (Ashenden et al, 1996) but in other situations has li le to no signifi cant eff ect, depending on factors such as the adapted varieties or species, environmental conditions, and time (Dueck et al, 1988;Bender et al, 2006). Some turfgrasses, such as Agrostis capillaris L., have adapted to air polluted with ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonia and show a positive growth response to increasing concentrations of these pollutants (Dueck et al, 1988). Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) biomass was reduced in the presence of 40 μg L −1 sulfur dioxide plus nitrogen dioxide while the biomass of A. capillaris was only reduced when in the presence of sulfur dioxide plus nitrogen dioxide when misted with water at pH ≤ 3.5 (Ashenden et al, 1996).…”
“…In a calcareous soil, red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was sensitive to ozone, and plant populations declined while populations of other plants, including some known turf weeds, such as Plantago lanceolata L., increased (Thwaites et al, 2006). Exposure to ozone may be toxic to turfgrasses in some instances (Ashenden et al, 1996) but in other situations has li le to no signifi cant eff ect, depending on factors such as the adapted varieties or species, environmental conditions, and time (Dueck et al, 1988;Bender et al, 2006). Some turfgrasses, such as Agrostis capillaris L., have adapted to air polluted with ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonia and show a positive growth response to increasing concentrations of these pollutants (Dueck et al, 1988).…”
Section: Absorption Of Pollutantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Exposure to ozone may be toxic to turfgrasses in some instances (Ashenden et al, 1996) but in other situations has li le to no signifi cant eff ect, depending on factors such as the adapted varieties or species, environmental conditions, and time (Dueck et al, 1988;Bender et al, 2006). Some turfgrasses, such as Agrostis capillaris L., have adapted to air polluted with ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonia and show a positive growth response to increasing concentrations of these pollutants (Dueck et al, 1988). Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) biomass was reduced in the presence of 40 μg L −1 sulfur dioxide plus nitrogen dioxide while the biomass of A. capillaris was only reduced when in the presence of sulfur dioxide plus nitrogen dioxide when misted with water at pH ≤ 3.5 (Ashenden et al, 1996).…”
“…Total biomass was given a greater consideration than other study variables for two reasons. First, it is regarded as a reliable predictor and as an excellent and sensitive integrator of plant function under stress (Dueck et al 1987). Second, biomass production is one of the main goals of short rotation intensive culture.…”
Section: Selection Of Ozone Resistant and Sensitive Clonesmentioning
Thirty-six F 2 hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides) clones were fumigated with ozone to record its effects on growth, correlate them with stomatal response and screen for ozone sensitivity. Fumigation was applied for 6 to 9 h each day for approximately 3 months at ozone concentrations of 85 to 128 µg g -1 using open-top chambers. Height, diameter, number of leaves, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, total biomass, biomass components and root/shoot ratios were reduced by ozone stress. Percent of leaf fall in ozone-treated plants was nearly three times higher than in control plants exposed to charcoal-filtered air. Leaf senescence, because of ozone exposure, did not appear to be associated with reduced biomass production. Some clones had a high percentage of leaf-fall with ozone exposure, but were able to maintain total biomass production near that of the control. Their response may be an example of an ability to adjust or compensate for ozone damage. There was no significant or consistent relationship between stomatal conductance and total biomass or the change in stomatal conductance as a result of ozone exposure and the change in total biomass. Taken together, these results suggest that effects of ozone on poplar growth cannot be solely correlated to changes in stomatal conductance, more physiological and biochemical parameters should be examined.Additional key words: leaf senescence, open top chamber, relative growth rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate.
“…On a fine scale, effects of gene flow may limit adaptation, whereas on a coarse scale, interference of secondary factors such as climate will become more important. The few studies that address the possibility of N‐induced evolution of adaptive genotypes were performed at a relatively fine (subnational) scale on plants originating from sites with different air pollution characteristics (Dueck et al ., 1988; Taylor & Bell, 1988). In these studies, which mainly focused on plant fitness, adaptive responses to increased atmospheric N deposition were not found.…”
Summary• The adaptive responses to atmospheric nitrogen deposition for different European accessions of Arabidopsis lyrata petraea were analysed using populations along a strong atmospheric N-deposition gradient.• Plants were exposed to three N-deposition rates, reflecting the rates at the different locations, in a full factorial design.• Differences between accessions in the response to N were found for important phenological and physiological response variables. For example, plants from lowdeposition areas had higher nitrogen-use efficiencies (NUE) and C : N ratios than plants from areas high in N deposition when grown at low N-deposition rates. The NUE decreased in all accessions at higher experimental deposition rates. However, plants from high-deposition areas showed a limited capacity to increase their NUE at lower experimental deposition rates. Plants from low-deposition areas had faster growth rates, higher leaf turnover rates and shorter times to flowering, and showed a greater increase in growth rate in response to N deposition than those from high-deposition areas.• Indications for adaptation to N deposition were found, and results suggest that adaptation of plants from areas high in N deposition to increased N deposition has resulted in the loss of plasticity.
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