1983
DOI: 10.1126/science.219.4581.187
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Adaptation of Fruit Morphology to Dispersal Agents in a Neotropical Forest

Abstract: Two-thirds of 258 fruit species from Peruvian tropical forest belong to one of two classes: large orange, yellow, brown, or green fruits with a husk; or small red, black, white, blue, purple, or mixed-color fruits without a husk. The characteristics of the two fruit classes match the size, visual ability, and jaw morphology of mammals and birds, respectively, and the animals also prefer to eat one class of fruits. Thus, most plants in this forest seem to be adapted to seed dispersal by either of two distinct b… Show more

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Cited by 448 publications
(393 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, we did not consider seeds < 5 mm in length, which are known to be dispersed by a wider variety of seed dispersers, including small-to-medium terrestrial mammals, bats and birds (Janson 1983, Stoner et al 2007, whereas seeds ≥ 5 mm in length are frequently dispersed by primates (Arroyo-Rodríguez et al 2015, Chaves et al 2011, González-Zamora et al 2014). …”
Section: Seed-rain Patternsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, we did not consider seeds < 5 mm in length, which are known to be dispersed by a wider variety of seed dispersers, including small-to-medium terrestrial mammals, bats and birds (Janson 1983, Stoner et al 2007, whereas seeds ≥ 5 mm in length are frequently dispersed by primates (Arroyo-Rodríguez et al 2015, Chaves et al 2011, González-Zamora et al 2014). …”
Section: Seed-rain Patternsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Consequently, many Sapotaceae species are almost exclusively dispersed by arboreal mammals, which have the biting and manipulative abilities to open such fruits (Janson 1983, Julliot 1996, Roosmalen 1985. In the study region Sapotaceae can be very important in the diets of arboreal mammals (Spironello 1999).…”
Section: Plant Species and Primary Dispersersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…So far, studies on fruit colouration have often categorised colours according to human vision (e.g. Janson 1983;Gautier-Hion et al 1985), or quantified fruit colouration according to primate vision Mollon 2000a, 2000b;Regan et al 2001). Both approaches may be inadequate for non-primate seed dispersers.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The disperser syndrome hypothesis posits that fruit traits converge to syndromes that are reliably associated with specific seed disperser types (van der Pijil 1972;Janson 1983). This hypothesis has been criticised as few animals tend to specialise on particular fruits and many fruit traits are strongly determined by phylogeny (Herrera 1985;Fischer and Chapman 1993;see Waser et al 1996; Johnson and Steiner 2000 for pollination syndromes).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%