Adaptation of Fire-Fighting Systems to Localization of Fires in the Premises: Review

Кузнецов, Г. В.; Копылов, Н. П.; Sushkina, E.Yu.; Жданова, А. О.

doi:10.3390/en15020522

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…According to a decade of statistics, about 70% of urban fires burn within 60 min [ 52 ]. With the advancement of communication technology, alarm speed and intelligent firefighting technology, the fire duration has been effectively reduced [ 53 ]. Therefore, taking into account the actual situation, the duration of the test fire was chosen as 60 min.…”

Section: Experimental Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural Toughness Test and Inversion Research on a Thermal Conductivity Formula on Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Components Post-Fire

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2022

Materials

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Steel fibers are widely used because they can effectively improve the tensile, compressive and flexural properties of concrete structures. The selection of steel fiber dosage and aspect ratio at high temperature has an important impact on the flexural toughness of concrete components post-fire. In this paper, discussions are made on the simulated fire test in compliance with the ISO 834 standard to study the steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) components post-fire. The research reveals the influence of two commonly used steel fiber aspect ratios (50, 70) and steel fiber dosages (30 kg/m3, 40 kg/m3, 45 kg/m3) on the changes of the internal temperature field, the initial crack flexural strength and the flexural toughness of the SFRC components under a single-side fire. Moreover, combined with the four-point flexural test of the SFRC components post fire, the research also describes the damage of high temperatures to the flexural toughness of SFRC components, and suggests a calculation formula for SFRC thermal conductivity by way of the numerical inversion method. The results of this study have verified that the incorporation of steel fiber into concrete helps to reduce its internal thermal stress difference and improve the crack resistance and fire resistance of the concrete. Moreover, under high temperature conditions, the concrete component added with the steel fiber in an aspect ratio of 70 and a dosage of 45 kg/m3 increased their initial crack flexural strength by 56.8%, higher than that of plain concrete components, and the loss of equivalent flexural strength and flexural toughness of SFRC post fire was only 45.2% and 13.6%, respectively. The proposed calculation formula of thermal conductivity can provide a reference for a numerical simulation study of the temperature field of SFRC components in a high temperature environment.

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Section: Experimental Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural Toughness Test and Inversion Research on a Thermal Conductivity Formula on Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Components Post-Fire

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…There are some similarities between the busway overheating fault warning study and fire warning study. Over the last decade, many early fire warning technologies have been studied (Fonollosa et al, 2018;Khan et al, 2022;Kuznetsov et al, 2022). Various elements such as image (including the inferred image), temperature, smoke, heat, and gases (CO, CO 2 , etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the development of modern sensor technology, especially the application of high-sensitivity gas sensors in fire alarm systems, we can reduce the false alarms caused by other signal interference and get better accuracy than before. In these fire early warning systems, some machine learning algorithms are used such as Bayesian estimation (Chen and Fu, 2012), Fuzzy theory (Sarwar et al, 2018), Kalman filter (Lin and Wang, 2017), neural network, and deep learning (Kuznetsov et al, 2022) (Luo et al, 2019;Nakip et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2021;Dai et al, 2022;Kewon et al, 2022;Li et al, 2022). Chen and Fu (2012) elaborated the logic relationship between the fire alarm and the physical-chemical characteristics generated in the process of fire burning and used the Bayesian network (BN) to analyze fire alarm systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overheating fault alarming for compact insulated busways in buildings by gas sensing

Xiong¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Addressing the overheating fault detection and alarming of insulated busways in buildings, a system based on sensing volatile gases generated by the thermal degradation of the busduct insulation layer was proposed. By monitoring the concentration of volatile gases in the environment, the overheating fault of the busducts can be found early. The thermal degradation process of the busway insulating layer is analyzed, and the pyrolysis characteristic gas at low temperature is studied. The experimental platform has been built, by which the relation between the concentration of volatile gases and temperature of the insulated layer has been studied. By testing, the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is proposed as the basis for judging the overheating fault in the alarming system. With the collected samples for training and testing, the AdaBoost classifier is used to identify the overheating fault. Finally, the design of the overheating fault alarming system is given.

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“…The study by [4] examines the most prevalent fire-extinguishing technologies used in various locations. In this study, the pulsed delivery technology for extinguishing liquid is utilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nozzle diameter and expansion ratio of compressed air foam system

Farida,

Kusumohadi,

Fikri

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Variations of nozzles are studied for Compressed Air Foam Systems (CAFS). The CAFS is a self-contained fire suppression system with the capability of injecting compressed air into the foam solution to create a dense mist. Even though this type of foam has a tighter, denser bubble structure that allows it to adhere to vertical and horizontal surfaces and penetrate the fire more deeply before the bubbles burst, thereby making it more effective, the nozzle of CAFS is weak. The experimental study has been done in order to find the expansion ratio of the nozzle. Four sizes of diameter nozzles are 5 mm, 10 mm, and 20 mm, and three holes are 20 mm. Nozzle diameter size has a correlation with bubble size. The highest expansion ratio is found in the nozzle with three holes 20 mm in diameter. It is followed by a nozzle with a 20 mm diameter, then a 10 mm diameter. The last finding is a nozzle with five diameters. The other founding is the linear correlation between nozzle diameter size and bubble size. But it is on the other way than the correlation between nozzle diameter and bubble size. The shorter the nozzle diameter, the faster the fire extinguishing time.

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Adaptation of Fire-Fighting Systems to Localization of Fires in the Premises: Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 69 publications

Flexural Toughness Test and Inversion Research on a Thermal Conductivity Formula on Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Components Post-Fire

Flexural Toughness Test and Inversion Research on a Thermal Conductivity Formula on Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Components Post-Fire

Overheating fault alarming for compact insulated busways in buildings by gas sensing

Nozzle diameter and expansion ratio of compressed air foam system

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