Adaptation in Monosaccharide Absorption in Infant and Adult Rats

Ginsburg, J; Heggeness, F. W.

doi:10.1093/jn/96.4.494

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It is known that intestinal monosaccharide absorption in rats, whether measured in vivo (Hahn & Koldovsky, 1966;Ginsburg & Heggeness, 1968) orin vitro (Bode, Eisenhardt, Haberich & Bode, 1981;Scharrer, Wolfram, Raab, Amann & Agne, 1981), increases with dietary carbohydrate content. Raised blood glucose also results in enhanced absorption in rats, and the enhancement is blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (Csaky & Fischer, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary carbohydrate on monosaccharide uptake by mouse small intestine in vitro.

Diamond¹,

Karasov²,

Cary³

et al. 1984

The Journal of Physiology

156

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SUMMARY1. Using intestinal sleeves in vitro, we studied the effect of dietary carbohydrate on active monosaccharide uptake in mice.2. Dietary carbohydrate did not affect numerous parameters ofintestinal structure, such as length, circumference, weight, protein content, villus dimensions and density, and area at the villus level.3. Mice on a carbohydrate-free diet had active D-glucose uptake relatively independent of position along the small intestine. A carbohydrate-containing diet reversibly and within 1 day stimulated uptake except in the ileum, restoring the proximal-to-distal gradient in glucose uptake normally observed.4. This stimulation involved a 81-116 % increase in the Michaelis-Menton constant Vmax, and also an apparent increase in the Michaelis-Menton constant Km, that may however be an artifact arising from unstirred-layer effects.5. Active uptake of 3-0-methyl-D-glucose also increased, permeability to glucose remained unchanged, and proline uptake reversibly decreased (probably due to the lower protein content of the carbohydrate-containing diets).6. The effect of fasting on active monosaccharide uptake seemed largely due to withdrawal of dietary carbohydrate, rather than of calories per se.7. It is concluded that dietary carbohydrate causes induction of monosaccharide carriers in the intestine, along with its more familiar induction of pancreatic amylase and intestinal disaccharidases. Substrate-dependent carrier induction may be physiologically significant in maintaining the proximal-to-distal gradient of glucose transport.8. An appendix presents measurements of villus area as a function ofposition along the intestine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary carbohydrate on monosaccharide uptake by mouse small intestine in vitro.

Diamond¹,

Karasov²,

Cary³

et al. 1984

The Journal of Physiology

156

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“…Bob Crane proposed the existence of an Na + /glucose co-transport in 1960 at the Symposium on Membrane Transport and Metabolism in Prague [35], but the actual transporter was not identified until the 1980s [36]. Studies in the 1960s also observed that dietary carbohydrate intake can influence the capacity to absorb glucose [37]. In 1983, it was demonstrated that intestinal transporters were upregulated and downregulated depending on dietary composition [38].…”

Section: Regulation Of Intestinal Glucose Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training the Gut for Athletes

2017

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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a critical role in delivering carbohydrate and fluid during prolonged exercise and can therefore be a major determinant of performance. The incidence of GI problems in athletes participating in endurance events is high, indicating that GI function is not always optimal in those conditions. A substantial body of evidence suggests that the GI system is highly adaptable. Gastric emptying as well as stomach comfort can be “trained” and perceptions of fullness decreased; some studies have suggested that nutrient-specific increases in gastric emptying may occur. Evidence also shows that diet has an impact on the capacity of the intestine to absorb nutrients. Again, the adaptations that occur appear to be nutrient specific. For example, a high-carbohydrate diet will increase the density of sodium-dependent glucose-1 (SGLT1) transporters in the intestine as well as the activity of the transporter, allowing greater carbohydrate absorption and oxidation during exercise. It is also likely that, when such adaptations occur, the chances of developing GI distress are smaller. Future studies should include more human studies and focus on a number of areas, including the most effective methods to induce gut adaptations and the timeline of adaptations. To develop effective strategies, a better understanding of the exact mechanisms underlying these adaptations is important. It is clear that “nutritional training” can improve gastric emptying and absorption and likely reduce the chances and/or severity of GI problems, thereby improving endurance performance as well as providing a better experience for the athlete. The gut is an important organ for endurance athletes and should be trained for the conditions in which it will be required to function.

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“…The transport of glucose and galactose have both been shown to be decreased about 25% in rats fed carbohydrate-free diets (12,13). Conversely, the transport of 3-0-methylglucose was shown to be higher in chicks adapted to a high-carbohydrate diet than in chicks adapted to diets high in fat or protein (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Intestinal Sugar Transport by Rats Fed Sucrose as Compared to Starch

et al. 1976

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The weight and length of the small intestine and the intestinal transport of sugars and amino acids were determined in Wistar rats fed diets containing either 54% starch or sucrose ad libitum or in meals. The relative weight and length of the small intestine were greater after meal feeding than after ad libitum feeding. Regardless of the pattern of feeding, transport of 1 mM glucose, 1 mM α-methylglucose, 5 mM fructose, and 30 mM sucrose was significantly greater in sucrose-fed rats than in starch-fed rats. The transport of 30 mM maltose, 30 mM lactose, 1 mM leucine, and 1 mM lysine was not affected by diet. The pattern of feeding employed neither generally affected the transport rates of the sugars or amino acids nor modified the greater sugar transport exhibited by the sucrose-fed rats.

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Adaptation in Monosaccharide Absorption in Infant and Adult Rats

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of dietary carbohydrate on monosaccharide uptake by mouse small intestine in vitro.

Effect of dietary carbohydrate on monosaccharide uptake by mouse small intestine in vitro.

Training the Gut for Athletes

Enhancement of Intestinal Sugar Transport by Rats Fed Sucrose as Compared to Starch

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