Adaptation in a spider mite population after long‐term evolution on a single host plant

Magalhães, Sara; Fayard, Jean‐Michel; Janssen, Arne; Carbonell, David; Olivieri, Isabelle

doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01365.x

Cited by 87 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This methodology has also been used in the study of host-parasite interactions (39,40). However, it has been shown that genetic correlations are poor predictors of the evolution of correlated responses to selection, mainly because the latter hinges on the genetic architecture of traits under each environment (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host adaptation to viruses relies on few genes with different cross-resistance properties

Martins

Faria

Nolte

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

123

208

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Significance Despite ample knowledge of the genetics and physiology of host responses to parasites, little is known about the genetic basis of host adaptation to parasites. Moreover, adaptation to one parasite is likely to impact the outcome of different infections. Yet these correlated responses, seminal to the understanding of host evolution in multiparasite environments, remain poorly studied. We determined the genetic and phenotypic changes underlying adaptation upon experimental evolution of a Drosophila melanogaster population under viral infection [ Drosophila C virus (DCV)]. After 20 generations, selected flies showed increased survival upon infection with DCV and two other viruses. Using whole-genome sequencing and through RNAi, we identified and functionally validated three genes underlying the adaptive process and revealed their differential roles in the correlated responses observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host adaptation to viruses relies on few genes with different cross-resistance properties

Martins

Faria

Nolte

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

123

208

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“…Experimental evolution studies reveal that spider mites adapt to novel host plants within few generations (36)(37)(38), indicating weak intrinsic limits to adapt to new host plants on a microevolutionary timescale. Here we found that colonization of novel hosts can happen despite the strong adaptive barriers imposed by major plant evolutionary transitions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography and major host evolutionary transitions shape the resource use of plant parasites

Calatayud

Hórreo

Madrigal‐González

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The evolution of resource use in herbivores has been conceptualized as an analog of the theory of island biogeography, assuming that plant species are islands separated by phylogenetic distances. Despite its usefulness, this analogy has paradoxically led to neglecting real biogeographical processes in the study of macroevolutionary patterns of herbivore-plant interactions. Here we show that host use is mostly determined by the geographical cooccurrence of hosts and parasites in spider mites (Tetranychidae), a globally distributed group of plant parasites. Strikingly, geography accounts for most of the phylogenetic signal in host use by these parasites. Beyond geography, only evolutionary transitions among major plant lineages (i.e., gymnosperms, commelinids, and eudicots) shape resource use patterns in these herbivores. Still, even these barriers have been repeatedly overcome in evolutionary time, resulting in phylogenetically diverse parasite communities feeding on similar hosts. Therefore, our results imply that patterns of apparent evolutionary conservatism may largely be a byproduct of the geographic cooccurrence of hosts and parasites.evolutionary conservatism | geographic signal | host use evolution | parasite-host interactions | spider mites E cological interactions are commonly thought to be evolutionarily conserved (1). This idea roots back to Darwin and is based on the assumption that traits regulating interactions are mainly an ancestor's legacy. Following this rationale, it is expected that phylogenetically related species will also interact with partners that are phylogenetically clustered. Plants and the herbivores that feed on them constitute a large amount of the Earth's terrestrial biodiversity. However, the processes behind the origin of such diversity remain controversial (2). Related plant hosts tend to harbor similar communities of both herbivores (3-5) and pathogens (6, 7). Still, host shifts may be favored when they involve distantly related plants producing similar chemical compounds as defense against parasites (8). In fact, macroevolutionary evidence shows that host shifts of parasites to unrelated plants are common (9-13), questioning the ubiquity of evolutionary conservatism.These patterns of host use in parasites have led to the formulation of the "parasite paradox," which states that although parasites are generally specialized on a given (set of) host plant(s), host shifts to distantly related hosts occur frequently (14, 15). Further, the frequent shifts between evolutionarily distinct hosts observed in parasites have led to the analogy of considering plant species as resource islands separated by evolutionary distances (16)(17)(18). In this metaphor, related plants constitute resource archipelagos within which colonization of new resource islands entails few costs. Among such archipelagos, however, colonization processes may be costly, potentially leading to disruptive selection and hence to speciation via host shift (19,20). Paradoxically, framing the evolution of plant host use ...

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“…Tetranychus urticae is known to adapt to new host plant species within 10-15 generations (Magalhães et al 2007), but we kept the mites in common garden for only two to five generations (except for the assessment of sex ratio), which is not sufficient to disrupt adaptation to a previous host plant species (Magalhães et al 2011). However, we corrected for this potential bias in our analyses and found that host plant could have masked only a pure latitudinal effect for daily fecundity, where statistical models with host plant included did not show a latitudinal effect while models without did.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Selection and Local Adaptation Jointly Shape Life-History Evolution during Range Expansion

Petegem

Boeye

Stoks

et al. 2016

The American Naturalist

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In the context of climate change and species invasions, range shifts increasingly gain attention because the rates at which they occur in the Anthropocene induce rapid changes in biological assemblages. During range shifts, species experience multiple selection pressures. For poleward expansions in particular, it is difficult to interpret observed evolutionary dynamics because of the joint action of evolutionary processes related to spatial selection and to adaptation toward local climatic conditions. To disentangle the effects of these two processes, we integrated stochastic modeling and data from a common garden experiment, using the spider mite Tetranychus urticae as a model species. By linking the empirical data with those derived form a highly parameterized individual-based model, we infer that both spatial selection and local adaptation contributed to the observed latitudinal lifehistory divergence. Spatial selection best described variation in dispersal behavior, while variation in development was best explained by adaptation to the local climate. Divergence in life-history traits in species shifting poleward could consequently be jointly determined by contemporary evolutionary dynamics resulting from adaptation to the environmental gradient and from spatial selection. The integration of modeling with common garden experiments provides a powerful tool to study the contribution of these evolutionary processes on life-history evolution during range expansion.

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Adaptation in a spider mite population after long‐term evolution on a single host plant

Cited by 87 publications

References 69 publications

Host adaptation to viruses relies on few genes with different cross-resistance properties

Host adaptation to viruses relies on few genes with different cross-resistance properties

Geography and major host evolutionary transitions shape the resource use of plant parasites

Spatial Selection and Local Adaptation Jointly Shape Life-History Evolution during Range Expansion

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