Adaptation and Validation of a French Version of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale

Eisenblaetter, Margot; Madiouni, Clarisse; Laraki, Yasmine; Capdevielle, Delphine; Raffard, Stéphane

doi:10.3390/vaccines11051001

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 57 publications

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“…It’s a concise and comprehensive tool focused on identifying individuals with vaccination reluctance, targeting four key factors: mistrust of vaccine benefits, concerns about unforeseen future, worries about commercial profiteering, and preference for natural immunity. The VAX has undergone rigorous testing of its psychometric properties in several countries, including Hebrew 4 , Spanish 16 , French 17 , Colombian 18 , and Romanian 19 . And the VAX has also been adapted to specially assess attitudes towards vaccines against COVID-19 4 , 20 – 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A psychometric assessment of a novel scale for evaluating vaccination attitudes amidst a major public health crisis

Cheng,

Kong,

Xie

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Despite abundant scientific evidence supporting immunization benefits, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant global health concern, particularly during public health crises. Exploring public attitudes towards vaccination is crucial. This study aimed to develop and validate a tailored Public Vaccination Attitudes Scale specifically under the unique circumstances of a public health crisis. A psychometric evaluation was conducted using a cross-sectional study during the peak of a major public health crisis. The scale was developed and its psychometric properties validated using three approaches: (1) generating the item pool through literature research and focus group discussions; (2) assessing the items through expert consultation; and (3) evaluating construct validity, content validity, and internal consistency reliability through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data from a total of 3921 respondents were randomly divided into two subsets, one for EFA (n = 1935) and the other for CFA (n = 1986). A 22-item draft scale with five factors was created after literature research and focus group discussion. The content validity of this scale ranged between 0.88 and 1.00. EFA showed a 17-item scale with four factors (Cronbach’s α > 0.7) accounting for 68.044% of the total variance. CFA showed that the values of the fit indices, including convergent validity and discriminant validity, were excellent or acceptable. The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.874, and each factor ranged from 0.726 to 0.885. This study introduces a valuable tool for assessing vaccination attitudes during public health crises, aiding researchers, policymakers, and nurses in combating vaccine hesitancy. Emphasizing the importance of fostering vaccine acceptance, it enhances disease control during emergencies, contributing to the knowledge needed for more effective public health strategies and crisis responses

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A psychometric assessment of a novel scale for evaluating vaccination attitudes amidst a major public health crisis

Cheng,

Kong,

Xie

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale: a Bifactor-ESEM approach in a youth sample (15–24 years)

Jovanović,

Lazić

2023

BMC Psychol

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Background The Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale is a widely used scale designed to measure general attitudes toward vaccinations. However, evidence for the VAX’s structural, convergent, and discriminant validity is still limited, especially in youth samples. Methods The present study examined the psychometric multidimensionality and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity of the VAX using the bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling approach (bifactor-ESEM). Using a sample of 803 Serbian adolescents and young adults (Mage = 18.23, SDage = 2.66, age range = 15–24 years, 59.2% female), we contrasted the original four-factor model of the VAX with alternative solutions (ESEM, bifactor-CFA, and bifactor-ESEM), and investigated associations between vaccination attitudes and a variety of external criteria. Results The results supported the bifactor-ESEM solution with one general factor of vaccination attitudes and four specific factors (Mistrust of vaccine benefit, Worries about unforeseen future effects, Concerns about commercial profiteering, and Preference for natural immunity) as the best representation of the data. The general factor was well-defined, and three specific factors showed good validity and specificity after the general factor was taken into account. The results of convergent validity analyses showed that the general factor of vaccine attitudes and one specific factor (Mistrust of vaccine benefit) were good predictors of vaccine conspiracy beliefs, attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19, and trust in healthcare. The remaining three specific factors’ contributions to external criteria were generally weak and nonsignificant. Evidence of the discriminant validity of the VAX scores was supported by weak positive associations of the general factor with medical fears and paranoid worry. Conclusions The present findings indicate that distinguishing general and specific components of vaccination attitudes offers a more nuanced assessment and understanding of vaccination attitudes.

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Sociodemographic factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in the South Asian community in Canada

Manoharan,

Stennett,

de Souza

et al. 2024

Can J Public Health

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Objective South Asians represent the largest non-white ethnic group in Canada and were disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to determine the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in South Asian Canadians. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of vaccine hesitancy using data collected at the baseline assessment of a prospective cohort study, COVID CommUNITY South Asian. Participants (18 + years) were recruited from the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area in Ontario (ON) and the Greater Vancouver Area in British Columbia (BC) between April and November 2021. Demographic characteristics and vaccine attitudes measured by the Vaccine Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale were collected. Each item is scored on a 6-point Likert scale, and higher scores reflect greater hesitancy. A multivariable linear mixed effects model was used to identify sociodemographic factors associated with vaccine hesitancy, adjusting for multiple covariates. Results A total of 1496 self-identified South Asians (52% female) were analyzed (mean age = 38.5 years; standard deviation (SD): 15.3). The mean VAX score was 3.2, SD: 0.8 [range: 1.0‒6.0]. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy included: time since immigration (p = 0.04), previous COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001), marital status (p < 0.001), living in a multigenerational household (p = 0.03), age (p = 0.02), education (p < 0.001), and employment status (p = 0.001). Conclusion Among South Asians living in ON and BC, time since immigration, prior COVID-19 infection, marital status, living in a multigenerational household, age, education, and employment status were associated with vaccine hesitancy. This information can be used to address vaccine hesitancy in the South Asian population in future COVID-19 waves or pandemics.

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Adaptation and Validation of a French Version of the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

A psychometric assessment of a novel scale for evaluating vaccination attitudes amidst a major public health crisis

A psychometric assessment of a novel scale for evaluating vaccination attitudes amidst a major public health crisis

Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale: a Bifactor-ESEM approach in a youth sample (15–24 years)

Sociodemographic factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in the South Asian community in Canada

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