Adaptation and psychometric properties of the German version of the dissociative experience scale

Spitzer, Carsten; Freyberger, Harald J.; Stieglitz, Rolf‐Dieter; Carlson, Eve B.; Kuhn, Gabriela; Magdeburg, Norbert; Kessler, Christof

doi:10.1023/a:1024457819547

Cited by 92 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The cur rent find ings from a Jew ish pop u la tion in the Mid dle East rep li cate the high de gree of re li abil ity and va lid ity of DES that has been dem on strated by pre vi ous stud ies con ducted in North Amer ica (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986;Ross et al, 1989;Frischoltz et al, 1990;Sandberg & Lynn, 1992;Dobester & Braun, 1995), the Neth er lands (Ensink & Van Otterloo, 1989), Tur key (Yargic, Tutkun, & Sar, 1995), Ja pan (Umesue et al, 1996), Ger many (Spitzer et al, 1998) and France (Darves-Bornoz, Gegiovanni, & Gaillard, 1999) as well as in a meta-ana lytic study (van Ijzendoorn & Schuengel, 1996). The ac cu mu lated data sug gest that dissociative ex pe ri ences are not North Amer i can culture-bound phe nom ena and that the con cept, orig i nally named in France at the end of the 19th cen tury (Janet, 1905;Van der Hart & Horst, 1989) re mains a valid psy cho log i cal con struct with cross-cul tural ap pli ca bility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The DES, which was ini tially de vel oped in English in 1986, is now avail able in at least 18 lan guages, in di cat ing the extent of the in ter na tional in ter est in this clin i cal phe nom e non (Bow man, 1996). The va lid ity of the trans lated in stru ment has been in ves ti gated in the Neth er lands (Ensink & Van Otterloo, 1989), Tur key (Yargic, Tutkun & Sar, 1993) Ja pan (Umesue, Matsuo, Iwata & Tashiro, 1996), Ger many (Spitzer et al, 1998) andin France (Darves-Bornoz, Degiovanni, &Gal li ard, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of the Hebrew Version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (H-DES) in Israel

Somer¹,

Dolgin

Saadon³

2001

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

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ABSTRACT. Ob jec tives :The pur pose of this re search was to ex plore the va lid ity of the con cept of dis so ci a tion as mea sured by a He brew version of the Dissociative Ex pe ri ences Scale (H-DES) in Is rael.De sign : The first study ex am ined the re li abil ity and va lid ity of the H-DES by as sess ing 340 con sec u tive ad mis sions to an Is raeli out pa tient clinic, and 290 non-clin i cal sub jects. The sec ond study ex plored the construct va lid ity of the con cept of dis so ci a tion by study ing re la tion ships be tween re ported past traumatization and cur rent lev els of dis so ci a tion among a dif fer ent co hort of 70 women Is raeli out pa tients.Re sults: The H-DES has good test-re test and split-half re li abil ity in clin i cal and non-clin i cal sub jects, and is in ter nally con sis tent. Its con vergent va lid ity with the MMPI 2 Philips Dis so ci a tion Scale is good, and it has good cri te rion-re lated va lid ity with DSM-IV dissociative dis or der di ag no ses. The con cept of dis so ci a tion as mea sured in Is rael by the H-DES has high re li abil ity and va lid ity. Con clu sions:The re li able iden ti fi ca tion of dis sociative ex pe ri ences in Is rael as well as in sev eral cul tures out side North Amer ica sup ports dis soci a tion as a valid psy cho log i cal con struct with wide spread cross-cul tural ap pli ca bil ity. This study con tra dicts claims that dis so ci a tion is merely a pass ing North Amer i can pro fes sional fash ion. Ad dress cor re spon dence to: Eli Somer, PhD, School of So cial Work, Uni ver sity of Haifa, Mt. Car mel, Haifa 31905, Is rael (E-mail: somer@re search.haifa.ac.il).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Hebrew Version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (H-DES) in Israel

Somer¹,

Dolgin

Saadon³

2001

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

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“…The experience of a traumatic event was assessed according to DSM-IV Criterion A1 (stressor criterion) and A2 (response criterion). Psychometric questionnaires included the trait measure of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Laux et al, 1981), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Hautzinger et al, 1994), and Dissociation Experience Scale (DES) (Spitzer et al, 1998). Traumatic load was estimated by assessing the number of different traumatic event types experienced or witnessed (Neuner et al, 2004) as reported in the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) (Ehlers et al, 1996).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of emotion on cognition in trauma survivors: What is the role of posttraumatic stress disorder?

Mueller‐Pfeiffer

Martin‐Soelch

Blair

et al. 2010

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background: Cognitive theories of anxiety disorders postulate an increased attentional bias to environmental cues associated with threat that underlies the exaggerated fear response. The role of trauma, which may represent strong competitive advantage for attention, remains unclear. We investigated the influence of trauma exposure and the presence of anxiety/stress disorders on the impact of emotional distractors on cognitive performance. Methods:Fourteen trauma-exposed subjects with PTSD, 12 trauma-exposed subjects with anxiety disorders other than PTSD, 12 trauma-exposed healthy subjects and 19 non-traumaexposed healthy controls participated in this study. The impact of emotion on cognition was determined by the Affective Stroop task that measures the effect of irrelevant emotional distractors on the speed of operant responding. Results:The speed of cognitive performance was significantly reduced in the presence of negative distractors versus neutral or positive distractors in subjects with PTSD, while there was no significant influence of the distractor type on performance in the other diagnostic groups (diagnosis-by-distractor type interaction, p<0.001). While negative distractors induced the same levels of anxiety and depersonalization in subjects with PTSD and subjects with other anxiety disorders, distractor-induced depersonalization was associated with slowing of cognitive performance in PTSD (p=0.02) but not in other groups.Limitations: Different types of anxiety disorders in the non-PTSD group might reduce the selectivity of the results; some subjects received medication possibly impacting on their cognitive functioning. Conclusions:The cognitive impairments in the presence of negative distractors specifically found in PTSD call for research into novel psychotherapeutic approaches, e.g. attentional training, for PTSD.

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“…The 28 items of the DES are rated on an 11-point Likert scale that ranges from 0 ("never") to 100 ("always") and correspond to the subscales of absorption, depersonalization, derealization and amnesia. The psychometric properties of the German adaptation of the scale (Cronbach's alpha = .91; test-retest reliability Pearson r = .86; good differentiation between healthy control subjects, students, unselected neurological and psychiatric inpatients, neurological and psychiatric patients with a dissociative disorder and schizophrenics) are comparable to the original version Spitzer et al, 1998). Van der Hart et al (2004) conceptualized dissociation as a manifestation of a pathological process, rather than as a continuum from normal (e.g., absorption) to pathological dissociation as the DES intended to capture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Characteristics of Child Maltreatment and Their Relation to Dissociation, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Depression in Adult Psychiatric Patients

Mueller‐Pfeiffer¹,

Moergeli²,

Schumacher³

et al. 2013

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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Abstract:Little is known about the influence of particular characteristics of childhood maltreatment, such as developmental stage, relationship to the perpetrator and nature of the trauma, on adult psychopathology. The effects of childhood maltreatment were assessed in adult psychiatric patients (N=287) using self-rating scales and diagnostic checklists. Maltreatment was strongly associated with dissociation. This relationship was observed for all childhood developmental stages and was strongest when the perpetrator was outside the family. Dissociation was more strongly correlated with childhood emotional abuse and sexual harassment, than with sexual or physical abuse. Childhood sexual abuse was found to be associated with symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Findings suggest that dissociation is a relatively specific consequence of childhood maltreatment that is largely independent of the familial relationship to the perpetrator or the child's developmental stage. Keywords: Dissociation, Child Abuse, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 3The World Health Organization defines child maltreatment as "all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power" (World Health Organization, 1999). Dissociation, mood disorders, anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms are believed to constitute potential sequelae of childhood trauma (Fairbank et al, 2007;Heim et al, 2001;Spertus et al, 2003;Van der Hart et al, 2006). However, it is not clear what aspects of childhood maltreatment influence the development and nature of trauma-related symptoms.Dissociation related to trauma may involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity and/or perception ("psychoform dissociation") as well as losses or distortion of sensory, perceptual, affective or motor functions ("somatoform dissociation") ( Van der Hart et al, 2004). Current theories about the development of severe dissociation emphasize the role of early onset chronic abuse and neglect from primary caregivers in childhood (Liotti, 2006;Van der Hart et al, 2006). There is ample evidence supporting the strong association between childhood maltreatment and dissociative psychopathology (Chu et al, 1999;Draijer et al, 1999;Nijenhuis et al, 1998;Ogawa et al, 1997;. Not all traumatized children develop dissociative symptoms and other factors, such as severity of abuse, numbers of perpetrators, the victim's coping style and affect modulation capacities, may moderate its relationship with maltreatment (Briere, 2006;Lange et al, 1999). This also holds true for the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression and childhood maltreatment; victims of child abuse are at increased risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder, but childhood victimization alone is not sufficient to cause these disorders (Ch...

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Adaptation and psychometric properties of the German version of the dissociative experience scale

Cited by 92 publications

References 14 publications

Validation of the Hebrew Version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (H-DES) in Israel

Validation of the Hebrew Version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (H-DES) in Israel

Impact of emotion on cognition in trauma survivors: What is the role of posttraumatic stress disorder?

Characteristics of Child Maltreatment and Their Relation to Dissociation, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Depression in Adult Psychiatric Patients

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