Adaptation and Engine Validation of an FTIR Exhaust Gas Analysis Method for C1-Based Potential GHG-Neutral Synthetic Fuels/Gasoline-Blends Containing Dimethyl Carbonate and Methyl Formate

Kraus, Christoph; Jakubec, Philipp; Girhe, Sanket; Fellner, Felix; Härtl, Martin; Jaensch, Malte; Wachtmeister, Georg; Pitsch, Heinz

doi:10.4271/2022-01-0569

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…FTIR spectroscopy has been widely used to obtain a sample's infrared spectra (e.g., transmittance, reflectance and absorptance) [1]. For examples, identifying; (i) gases and their concentration in environmental, medical, industrial, security and defence applications [21]; (ii) minerals [22]; (iii) molecules in food and drug tests [23]; (iv) remote sensing over long distances for open path gas analysis [24]; and near-field spectromicroscopy [25]- [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Thermal-Infrared ‘THz-Torch’ Spectroscopy

Komies,

Sun,

Hodges

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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The low-cost thermal infrared 'THz-Torch' concept (referred to here as 'THz-T') was first introduced over a decade ago, and since then the associated 'over the THz horizon' thermal infrared (10-100 THz) implementation technologies have continued to advance. While short range secure wireless communications links have received a great deal of attention, material spectroscopy has only briefly been introduced in a short conference abstract. Here, for the first time, we explore in depth the basic concepts behind THz-T spectroscopy. Moreover, when compared to the unvalidated results within our previous work, we demonstrate an enhanced experimental THz-T spectrometer. A detailed thermal noise power link budget model for both the transmission and reflection modes of operation have been undertaken and independently validated. As a proof of principle, a diverse array of different material types has been characterized. This includes glass sheets, semiconductor wafers, ceramic plate, plastic tape, plastic sheets, as well as polymer and cotton paper banknotes. THz-T technology has the advantages of hardware simplicity and low cost nondestructive testing for ubiquitous applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Thermal-Infrared ‘THz-Torch’ Spectroscopy

Komies,

Sun,

Hodges

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Efficiency Increase for Spark-Ignited Oxygenated Fuels through Adaptation of Cylinder Head and Piston

Kraus,

Fitz,

Härtl

et al. 2024

Proceedings

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Combined exhaust gas and optical investigation of methanol DI-engine with focus on the fuel spray-wall interaction

Stark,

Kraus,

Fellner

et al. 2024

International Journal of Engine Research

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Liquid e-fuels such as methanol represent a possible solution to emission-neutral drivetrains. Reduced emissions from the combustion process increase the influence of cylinder wall interaction of the fuel spray and the influence of the fuel ingress into the lubricating oil. Combining emission analysis methods and optical measurements allows a deeper understanding of the processes around the piston assembly group and cylinder wall. This paper aims to increase the understanding of the processes resulting from fuel spray and cylinder wall interaction. Emission measurements from a single-cylinder SI research engine were gathered across multiple operating parameters. Optical measurements were taken at similar operating points using an optically accessible engine. A laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) setup with dyed fuel was used for the optical measurements. This paper focuses on thermodynamic steady state measurements at 2000 rpm, varying loads between 3 and 11 bar IMEP, and corresponding optical measurements at 11 bar IMEP. The measurements of both engines were correlated, and a more profound understanding of the processes involved and their influence on emission behavior was derived. Measurements showed a lower particle emission behavior with a tendency of a higher PN10 to PN23 ratio and higher formic acid emissions using methanol fuel compared to gasoline. A higher wall film interaction with methanol could be visualized, and possible effects were correlated to the exhaust emission measurements. Tests with two start of injection timings (SOI) of 430° crank angle (CA) after fired top dead center, as used for gasoline operation, and 550°CA as an optimized SOI for methanol operation were compared. A correlation between the results from the thermodynamic engine and the optically accessible engine was demonstrated. The optical measurements showed lower penetration depths for the optimized SOI and lower fuel spray-to-piston interaction. The thermodynamic measurements have shown higher efficiencies and fewer emissions for the optimized SOI.

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Adaptation and Engine Validation of an FTIR Exhaust Gas Analysis Method for C1-Based Potential GHG-Neutral Synthetic Fuels/Gasoline-Blends Containing Dimethyl Carbonate and Methyl Formate

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Low-Cost Thermal-Infrared ‘THz-Torch’ Spectroscopy

Low-Cost Thermal-Infrared ‘THz-Torch’ Spectroscopy

Efficiency Increase for Spark-Ignited Oxygenated Fuels through Adaptation of Cylinder Head and Piston

Combined exhaust gas and optical investigation of methanol DI-engine with focus on the fuel spray-wall interaction

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