Adaptação cultural do Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) para o contexto da enfermagem brasileira

Abstract

The Theory of Authentic Leadership is based on philosophy and psychology as it proposes the establishment of more authentic organizations, with more conscious leaders and more transparent and ethical relations. The objective of this methodological study was to perform the cultural adaptation of the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) to Portuguese in the context of Brazilian Nursing. This instrument, originally written in English, has two versions, SELF and RATER: one assesses the authenticity of leaders and the other assesses the authenticity of those under leadership. ALQ has 16 items distributed into four domains: Relational Transparency; Moral Perspective and Ethics; Balanced Processing of Information; and Self-Awareness with statements answered on a four-point Likert scale: rarely/never (0 points), once in a while (1 point), sometimes (2 points), often (3 points), and very often, almost always (4 points). Hence, scores range from zero to 64; the higher the score, the more authentic a leader is. The adaptation process followed all the recommendations for methodological studies. Both versions (SELF and RATER) were initially translated to Portuguese and resulted in two other versions. An expert committee analyzed the versions and a synthesis of each version was obtained. These versions were then back translated and sent to the main author of the original ALQ. Changes were implemented according to the author's suggestion and the two versions were back translated once again. The syntheses were submitted to a second expert committee in order to ensure cultural, conceptual and idiomatic equivalences, resulting in the final version that was used in a pre-test. Face and content validity of all items of both versions was verified at this point by employing an inter-rater agreement of at least 80%. Both committees were composed of experts. The pre-test was applied to 80 nurses: 64 clinical nurses, eight supervisors, and seven nursing coordinators, who worked in various clinics of five hospitals located in two cities in the Midwest region of Brazil. Data were collected from June to August 2016. Afterwards, one of the instrument's authors certified that both versions were properly translated and adapted. Considering that the validation of an instrument is a cumulative process, the questionnaire in its two versions, SELF and RATER, should be submitted to new investigations in order to assess its psychometric properties and make available a valid and reliable instrument for researchers intending to acquire a better understanding in terms of authenticity of nurses working in Brazilian institutions.

Authentic leadership, nurse satisfaction at work and hospital accreditation: study in a private hospital network

“…Two North American instruments that were translated, culturally adapted and validated for use in Brazil and a characterization instrument were used in this study. The first, Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) (15)(16)(17)(18) , is a questionnaire that aims to measure the four dimensions of authentic leadership: Self-awareness, Transparency, Balanced Processing and Moral and Ethical Perspective. It consists of 16 statements directed to the leader (Self version) and another 16 directed to the team members (Rater version).…”

Authentic Leadership Questionnaire applied to Brazilian nurses: evidence of validity

“…Thus, the proposed ALQ validation analysis may contribute to expanding the knowledge of professionals and researchers in the areas of nursing and hospital management, as the study presents the cultural adaptation of the ALQ to Brazilian Portuguese (31) as well as evidence related to the validity of the instrument's internal structure when applied to nurses working in Brazilian hospitals.…”

Authentic Leadership Questionnaire aplicado a enfermeros brasileños: evidencias de validez

“…Así, los análisis de validación del ALQ propuestos podrán contribuir para ampliar el conocimiento de profesionales e investigadores en las áreas de enfermería y gestión hospitalaria, una vez que el estudio presenta la adaptación cultural del ALQ a la lengua portuguesa de Brasil (31) , así como evidencias relacionadas a la validez de la estructura interna del instrumento aplicado a enfermeros que actúan en hospitales brasileños.…”