Acyl pattern of adipose tissue triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids, and diet of a group of men participating in a primary coronary prevention program (The Oslo Study)

Jacobsen, Bjarne K.; Trygg, K; Hjermann, Ingvar; Thomassen, Magny S.; Real, Catarina Vila; Norum, Kaare R.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/38.6.906

Cited by 35 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Additional factors that may potentially limit FFA diagnostic value are human plasma FFA variability/fluctuations and time required for FFA analysis. Although absolute concentration of total FFA is quite variable with ~60% relative standard deviation (Choi et al, 2014; Chung et al, 2017), individual FFA relative concentrations (mole %) are within 10–20% for most plasma FFA (Ågren et al, 1995; Hodson et al, 2008; Jacobsen et al, 1983; Melchert et al, 1987; Umhau et al, 2009; Yli-Jama et al, 2002), indicating that variability is not a limiting factor for using plasma FFA as biomarkers. In addition, long chain free PUFA are not significantly affected by fed/fated state because dietary FA are transported in esterified form, and FFA liberated from adipose tissue do not significantly affect human plasma PUFA (Halliwell et al, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Unesterified Fatty‐Acid Profile Is Dramatically and Acutely Changed under Ischemic Stroke in the Mouse Model

Golovko

2018

Lipids

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Although plasma biomarkers would facilitate rapid and accurate diagnosis of ischemic stroke for immediate treatment, no such biomarkers have been developed to date. In the present study, we tested our hypothesis that plasma free fatty acids (FFA) are altered at early stages of acute ischemic stroke. Plasma was collected from mice 2 h after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo) onset, as well as from sham-operated and control animals. After 2 hours, pMCAo significantly changed the plasma FFA profile with the most dramatic 2-to 3-fold relative increase in very long n-3 and n-6 FFA including 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6, 22:5n-6, and 22:6n-3. Changes in plasma FFA profile are consistent with FFA liberation from brain phospholipid hydrolyzed under ischemic insult. These results identify, for the first time, the plasma FFA profile as a potential biomarker for an early ischemic stroke within the therapeutic window for thrombolytic treatment. Further studies are required to confirm its specificity and sensitivity in clinical settings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Unesterified Fatty‐Acid Profile Is Dramatically and Acutely Changed under Ischemic Stroke in the Mouse Model

Golovko

2018

Lipids

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“…In the period after meals, there is considerable entry of dietary fatty acids into the plasma NEFA pool [34,35]. In the longer-term, the plasma NEFA composition reflects that of adipose tissue, which in turn is an integrated marker of dietary fatty acid intake [36,37]. Therefore, the composition of plasma NEFA is open to dietary manipulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between specific fatty acids, GLP-1 and insulin secretion in humans

et al. 2002

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Aims/hypothesis. Fatty acids affect insulin secretion in vivo, but little is known about the effects of specific fatty acids. Our aim was to investigate differential effects of acutely increased plasma monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids on glucosestimulated insulin secretion in healthy humans. Methods. A new experimental protocol was used to increase plasma monounsaturated (MUFA test), polyunsaturated (PUFA test) or saturated (SFA test) nonesterified fatty acids for 2 h by repeated oral fat feeding and continuous intravenous heparin infusion. This was followed by a hyperglycaemic clamp (10 mmol/l) to test insulin secretion in response to a prior plasma NEFA increase. Results. Total plasma NEFA concentrations were increased during the fat tests compared to the control visit (1.7-fold increase for MUFA and SFA tests and 1.4-fold increase for PUFA test; p<0.001). Exaggerated responses in plasma insulin, C-peptide and proinsulin concentrations were seen during the hyperglycaemic clamp after increasing plasma NEFA concentrations compared with the control (p<0.01). The effects were greatest for the MUFA test followed by the PUFA test and SFA test (p<0.01). Plasma GLP-1 concentrations increased during fat feeding, with a higher response during the MUFA test compared to PUFA and SFA tests (p<0.01). Conclusion/interpretation. Increasing plasma NEFA concentrations by oral fat feeding with heparin infusion augments glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with the greatest effect for monounsaturated fatty acids and the lowest effect for saturated fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids also increase GLP-1 more than saturated fatty acids. Therefore, the exaggerated insulin concentrations could be due to both NEFA and GLP-1. [Diabetologia (2002[Diabetologia ( ) 45:1533[Diabetologia ( -1541 Keywords Monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, insulin secretion, GLP-1. High fat diets lead to obesity, which in turn is one of the main causes of the development of Type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Both obesity and Type II diabetes are characterized by increased plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations [1] and raised fasting plasma NEFA concentrations are a risk marker for the development of Type II diabetes in Caucasian subjects [2] and in Pima Indians [3]. Increased plasma NEFA concentrations can have adverse effects on various tissues. Excess plasma NEFA concentrations can lead to a reduced skeletal muscle glucose uptake and oxidation [4,5,6], increased hepatic glucose output [7] and a decrease in hepatic insulin clearance [8,9]. These mechanisms could lead to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance leading to Type II diabetes.Inappropriately high concentrations of plasma NEFA have also been shown to alter glucose-stimulat-

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“…These studies show that the composition and distribution of dietary saturated fatty acids determine in part the composition and distribution of fatty acids in liver and adipose tissue, as well as in fasting plasma triacylglycerols of young piglets. The composition of adipose tissue fatty acids in piglets (26), pigs (13,15), human adults and infants, and other species (12,14,(27)(28)(29) is known to correlate with the fatty acid composition Of the diet. The 2-acyl group of adipose tissue triacylglycerols in most species, like that of plasma and other tissues, is usually an unsaturated fatty acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary triacylglycerol structure and saturated fat alter plasma and tissue fatty acids in piglets

Innis

Dyer

Quinlan

et al. 1996

Lipids

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Human and pig milk triacylglycerols contain a large proportion of palmitic acid (16:0) which is predominately esterified in the 2-position. Other dietary fats contain variable amounts of 16:0, with unsaturated fatty acids predominantly esterified in the 2-position. These studies determined if the amount or position of 16:0 in dietary fat influences the composition or distribution of liver, adipose tissue, lung, or plasma fatty acids in developing piglets. Piglets were fed to 18 d with sow milk or formula with saturated fat from medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), coconut or palm oil, or synthesized triacylglycerols (synthesized to specifically direct 16:0 to the 2-position) with, in total fatty acids, 30.7, 4.3, 6.5, 27.0, and 29.6% 16:0, and in 2-position fatty acids, 55.3, 0.4, 1.3, 4.4, and 69.9% 16:0, respectively. The percentage of 16:0 in the 2-position of adipose fat from piglets fed sow milk, palm oil, and synthesized triacylglycerols were similar and higher than in piglets fed MCT or coconut oil. Thus, the amount, not the position, of dietary 16:0 determines piglet adipose tissue 16:0 content. The effects of the diets on the plasma and liver triacylglycerols were similar, with significantly lower 16:0 in total and 2-position fatty acids of the MCT and coconut oil groups, and significantly higher 16:0 in the plasma and liver triacylglycerol 2-position of piglets fed the synthesized triacylglycerols rather than sow milk or palm oil. The lung phospholipid total and 2-position 16:0 was significantly lower in the MCT, coconut, and palm oil groups, but similar in the synthesized triacylglycerol group and sow milk group. The lung phospholipid total and 2-position percentage of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) was significantly lower in all of the formula-fed piglets than in milk-fed piglets. The physiological significance of this is not known.

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Acyl pattern of adipose tissue triglycerides, plasma free fatty acids, and diet of a group of men participating in a primary coronary prevention program (The Oslo Study)

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Plasma Unesterified Fatty‐Acid Profile Is Dramatically and Acutely Changed under Ischemic Stroke in the Mouse Model

Plasma Unesterified Fatty‐Acid Profile Is Dramatically and Acutely Changed under Ischemic Stroke in the Mouse Model

Interaction between specific fatty acids, GLP-1 and insulin secretion in humans

Dietary triacylglycerol structure and saturated fat alter plasma and tissue fatty acids in piglets

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