Acyl Carrier Protein

Chapter 17 Bacterial Fatty Acid Synthesis and its Relationships with Polyketide Synthetic Pathways

“…Intermediates of the pathway are diverted to introduce the double bond of the unsaturated fatty acid species, to provide the 3-hydroxy and short chain fatty acids of the lipid A component of the outer membrane of typical gram negative bacteria (Raetz and Whitfield, 2002), the octanoyl-ACP used in the lipoic acid synthetic pathway, the unknown early intermediates of the biotin synthetic pathway and the acyl homoserine lactones of quorum sensing. A key feature of the fatty acid synthetic pathway is that all of the intermediates are covalently bound to a protein called acyl carrier protein (ACP), a small, very acidic and extremely soluble protein (Prescott and Vagelos, 1972). The carboxyl groups of the fatty acyl intermediates are in thioester linkage to the thiol of the 4'-phosphopanthetheine (4’-PP) prosthetic group which in turn is linked to Ser-36 of ACP through a phosphodiester bond.…”

Structural Studies of Fatty Acyl-(Acyl Carrier Protein) Thioesters Reveal a Hydrophobic Binding Cavity that Can Expand to Fit Longer Substrates

“…[1][2][3] In bacteria and plants, ACP is a small (M r < 10 kDa) abundant monomeric protein that is post-translationally modified by the transfer of 4′-phosphosphopanthetheine from CoA to a conserved serine residue on ACP by holo-ACP synthase (ACPS). The acyl intermediates of fatty acid biosynthesis are covalently attached to the phosphopantetheine moiety of ACP as thioesters, and shuttled from one enzyme to another in a sequential manner in the cycles of fatty acid chain elongation.…”

Metabolic Perturbation of an Essential Pathway: Evaluation of a Glycine Precursor of Coenzyme A

“…10 The first three steps in this pathway can be by bypassed by pantetheine from media supplementation or catabolic degradation of CoA and the fatty acid acyl carrier protein (AcpP). While King's efforts demonstrated that select pantetheine analogs support the growth of pantetheine-responsive organisms, we were instead interested in evaluating their ability to complement pantetheine.…”