Acyclovir‐resistant HSV‐1 isolates among immunocompromised patients in southern Taiwan: Low prevalence and novel mutations

Kuo, Jhao‐You; Yeh, Chun‐Sheng; Wang, Shih‐Min; Chen, Shun‐Hua; Wang, Jen‐Ren; Chen, Tsai‐Yun; Tsai, Huey‐Pin

doi:10.1002/jmv.28985

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Acyclovir and its derivates can be used to treat HSV-1 infections [ 23 ]. However, the emergence of drug-resistant strains within the HSV-1 population, particularly those exhibiting resistance to acyclovir [ 24 , 25 ], has introduced substantial impediments to successful therapeutic interventions. In this era dominated by discussions of COVID-19 and its associated coronaviruses, it is imperative to recognize the importance of other viral families such as Herpesviridae, represented by HSV-1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Activity of Anthranilamide Peptidomimetics against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and a Coronavirus

Urmi,

Attard,

Vijay

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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The development of potent antiviral agents is of utmost importance to combat the global burden of viral infections. Traditional antiviral drug development involves targeting specific viral proteins, which may lead to the emergence of resistant strains. To explore alternative strategies, we investigated the antiviral potential of antimicrobial peptidomimetic compounds. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral potential of 17 short anthranilamide-based peptidomimetic compounds against two viruses: Murine hepatitis virus 1 (MHV-1) which is a surrogate of human coronaviruses and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of these compounds were determined in vitro to assess their potency as antiviral agents. Compounds 11 and 14 displayed the most potent inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 2.38 μM, and 6.3 μM against MHV-1 while compounds 9 and 14 showed IC50 values of 14.8 μM and 13 μM against HSV-1. Multiple antiviral assessments and microscopic images obtained through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) collectively demonstrated that these compounds exert a direct influence on the viral envelope. Based on this outcome, it can be concluded that peptidomimetic compounds could offer a new approach for the development of potent antiviral agents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Activity of Anthranilamide Peptidomimetics against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and a Coronavirus

Urmi,

Attard,

Vijay

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Management of Refractory/Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Literature Review

Sallée,

Boutolleau

2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients pose significant challenges, with higher incidence, severity, and risk of emergence of resistance to antivirals due to impaired T‐cell mediated immunity. This literature review focuses on acyclovir‐refractory/resistant HSV infections in HSCT recipients. The review addresses the efficacy of antiviral prophylaxis, the incidence of acyclovir‐refractory/resistant HSV infections, and the identification of risk factors and potential prognostic impact associated with those infections. Additionally, alternative therapeutic options are discussed. While acyclovir prophylaxis demonstrates a significant benefit in reducing HSV infections in HSCT recipients and, in some cases, overall mortality, concerns arise about the emergence of drug‐resistant HSV strains. Our systematic review reports a median incidence of acyclovir‐resistant HSV infections of 16.1%, with an increasing trend in recent years. Despite limitations in available studies, potential risk factors of emergence of HSV resistance to acyclovir include human leucocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches, myeloid neoplasms and acute leukaemias, and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Limited evidences suggest a potentially poorer prognosis for allogeneic HSCT recipients with acyclovir‐refractory/resistant HSV infection. Alternative therapeutic approaches, such as foscarnet, cidofovir, topical cidofovir, optimised acyclovir dosing, and helicase‐primase inhibitors offer promising options but require further investigations. Overall, larger studies are needed to refine preventive and therapeutic strategies for acyclovir‐refractory/resistant HSV infections in allogeneic HSCT recipients and to identify those at higher risk.

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The immunobiology of corneal HSV-1 infection and herpetic stromal keratitis

Antony,

Kinha,

Nowińska

et al. 2024

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARY Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) is a highly successful neurotropic pathogen that primarily infects the epithelial cells lining the orofacial mucosa. After primary lytic replication in the oral, ocular, and nasal mucosal epithelial cells, HSV-1 establishes life-long latency in neurons within the trigeminal ganglion. Patients with compromised immune systems experience frequent reactivation of HSV-1 from latency, leading to virus entry in the sensory neurons, followed by anterograde transport and lytic replication at the innervated mucosal epithelial surface. Although recurrent infection of the corneal mucosal surface is rare, it can result in a chronic immuno-inflammatory condition called herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). HSK leads to gradual vision loss and can cause permanent blindness in severe untreated cases. Currently, there is no cure or successful vaccine to prevent latent or recurrent HSV-1 infections, posing a significant clinical challenge to managing HSK and preventing vision loss. The conventional clinical management of HSK primarily relies on anti-virals to suppress HSV-1 replication, anti-inflammatory drugs (such as corticosteroids) to provide symptomatic relief from pain and inflammation, and surgical interventions in more severe cases to replace damaged cornea. However, each clinical treatment strategy has limitations, such as local and systemic drug toxicities and the emergence of anti-viral-resistant HSV-1 strains. In this review, we summarize the factors and immune cells involved in HSK pathogenesis and highlight alternate therapeutic strategies for successful clinical management of HSK. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of immunoregulatory cytokines and immunometabolism modulators as promising HSK therapies against emerging anti-viral-resistant HSV-1 strains.

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Acyclovir‐resistant HSV‐1 isolates among immunocompromised patients in southern Taiwan: Low prevalence and novel mutations

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Antiviral Activity of Anthranilamide Peptidomimetics against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and a Coronavirus

Antiviral Activity of Anthranilamide Peptidomimetics against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and a Coronavirus

Management of Refractory/Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Literature Review

The immunobiology of corneal HSV-1 infection and herpetic stromal keratitis

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