Acute viral respiratory infections among children in MERS‐endemic Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2012–2013

Fagbo, Shamsudeen F.; Garbati, Musa A.; Hasan, Rami; Alshahrani, Dayel; Al-Shehri, Mohamed A.; AlFawaz, Tariq; Hakawi, Ahmed; Wani, Tariq Ahmad; Skakni, Leila

doi:10.1002/jmv.24632

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In 2016, only 9 of 552 cases (1.6%) of MERS-CoV infection were found among pediatric patients. Moreover, the study which was conducted in King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh (KFMC) between January 2012 and December 2013 did not report any MERS-CoV cases among children [26]. e study which was conducted across the Gulf countries for four years by Mahmoud Aly et al between 2012 and 2016 suggests that the prevalence and distribution of MERS-CoV were the highest-risk in elderly aged 60 years or above [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory

Altamimi

Abu-Saris

El-Metwally

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus was first recognized in September 2012 in Saudi Arabia. The clinical presentations of MERS and non-MERS SARI are often similar. Therefore, the identification of suspected cases that may have higher chances of being diagnosed as cases of MERS-CoV is essential. However, the real challenge is to flag these patients through some demographic markers. The nature of these markers has not previously been investigated in Saudi Arabia, and hence, this study aims to identify them. Methods. It was a surveillance system-based study, for which data from a total of 23,646 suspected patients in Riyadh and Al Qassim regions were analyzed from January 2017 until December 2017 to estimate the prevalence of MERS-CoV among suspected cases and to determine potential demographic risk factors related to the confirmation of the diagnosis. Results. Of 23,646 suspected cases, 119 (0.5%) were confirmed by laboratory results. These confirmed cases (67.2% of which were males) had a mean age of 43.23 years (SD ± 22.8). Around 42.2% of the confirmed cases were aged between 41 and 60 years and about 47% of confirmed cases had their suspected specimen tested in the summer. The study identified three significant and independent predictors for confirmation of the disease: an age between 41 and 60 years, male gender, and summer season admission. Conclusion. The study provides evidence that the MERS-CoV epidemic in the subject regions has specific characteristics that might help future plans for the prevention and management of such a contagious disease. Future studies should aim to confirm such findings in other regions of Saudi Arabia as well and explore potential preventable risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory

Altamimi

Abu-Saris

El-Metwally

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…Many other studies have also demonstrated a high incidence of RSV infection and disease among infants less than one year old [36,37]. a recent epidemiological meta-analysis study implicated RSV as one of the most significant pathogens of early childhood and placed it as the second-most-likely single pathogen to cause death in children less than one year of age [38][39][40]. Although there is evidence that maternal antibodies in infants are likely to be important in protection against RSV disease, severe disease was noted in children under six months of age, indicating that maternal RSV-specific antibodies are protective during the first 6-7 months, but this protection may then wane [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of genetic variability of respiratory syncytial virus groups A and B in Kuwait

et al. 2018

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequently identified viral agent in infants, children, and elderly people with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). This study is the only one of its kind in Kuwait, and its purpose was to investigate the genetic variability of the G protein gene in RSV strains prevalent in Kuwait. Respiratory samples were collected from patients with ARTIs in various hospitals in Kuwait and subjected to reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) amplifying a fragment of the G gene of RSV. A total of 305 samples were collected between January and mid-December 2016, and 77 (25.2%) were positive for RSV. Group A viruses were predominant over group B viruses; the RSV-A group was detected in 52 (67.5%) of the positive samples, while the RSV-B group was detected in 25 (32.5%) of the positive samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all RSV-A strains grouped into eight clusters of identical sequences of untyped strains. Twelve RSV-B strains, on the other hand, belonged to the RSV-B/BA10 genotype, while the rest were untyped. These data suggest that new and untyped strains of RSV-A group likely predominated in Kuwait and that the BA10 genotype of the RSV-B group became the dominant genotype in the 2016 season.

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“…Prevalence (for 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43, unless otherwise specified) Eight countries: 6% in children with ARTIs (ambulatory, >1 yr) 33 Unknown Saudi Arabia: 0% of 2235 children with ARTIs (ambulatory and hospitalized, over 2 yr, 2012-2013) 34 Unknown Brazil: 5% in children with ARTIs (ambulatory and hospitalized, >9 yr) 4 China: 2% in children with fever and upper ARTIs (ambulatory and hospitalized, >5 yr) 35 France: 6% (HCo-OC43) in children and adults with ARTIs (ambulatory and hospitalized, October to April) 5 Hong Wuhan: 2.7 (2.5-3.9) (as of February 2020) 38 2.2 (2.0-2.6)-3.6 (2.9-4.4) (as of January 2020) 50 Zoonotic origin Bats (NL63, 229E) 17,18 Dromedary camels (229E) 19 Cattle (OC43) 20 Civet cats 24,25 (bats as reservoirs) 21,22 Dromedary camels 27 (bats as reservoirs) 21 Pangolin suspected but unproven 51 Outbreak extent and numbers (adults and children) 37 8 d (95% CI: 2.5-23.3 d) 37 8 d (SD 4 d) 45 12 d (SD 3 d) 70 Shedding duration 6 d (3-10 d) in children in daycare 73 Mostly after onset of symptoms 74,75 Mostly after onset of symptoms 70…”

Section: Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34,76,109,110,139,140 In a large case series of 2235 children with acute respiratory tract infection who presented to a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia during the MERS-CoV epidemic (2012-2013), none tested positive for MERS-CoV (Table 1). 34 There are 2 small case series of children infected with MERS-CoV: one including 31 children with a mean age of 10 years 60 and the other one only 7 children. 76 In both studies, 42% of children were asymptomatic.…”

Section: Mers-covmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus Infections in Children Including COVID-19

Zimmermann

Curtis

2020

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

922

459

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, singlestranded, zoonotic RNA viruses. Four CoVs commonly circulate among humans: HCoV2-229E, -HKU1, -NL63 and -OC43. However, CoVs can rapidly mutate and recombine leading to novel CoVs that can spread from animals to humans. The novel CoVs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a severe outbreak of disease (termed COVID-19) in China and multiple other countries, threatening to cause a global pandemic. In humans, CoVs mostly cause respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinical manifestations range from a common cold to more severe disease such as bronchitis, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure and even death. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 seem to less commonly affect children and to cause fewer symptoms and less severe disease in this age group compared with adults, and are associated with much lower case-fatality rates. Preliminary evidence suggests children are just as likely as adults to become infected with SARS-CoV-2 but are less likely to be symptomatic or develop severe symptoms. However, the importance of children in transmitting the virus remains uncertain. Children more often have gastrointestinal symptoms compared with adults. Most children with SARS-CoV present with fever, but this is not the case for the other novel CoVs. Many children affected by MERS-CoV are asymptomatic. The majority of children infected by novel CoVs have a documented household contact, often showing symptoms before them. In contrast, adults more often have a nosocomial exposure. In this review, we summarize epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic findings, as well as treatment and prevention options for common circulating and novel CoVs infections in humans with a focus on infections in children.

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Acute viral respiratory infections among children in MERS‐endemic Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2012–2013

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory

Demographic Variations of MERS-CoV Infection among Suspected and Confirmed Cases: An Epidemiological Analysis of Laboratory-Based Data from Riyadh Regional Laboratory

Analysis of genetic variability of respiratory syncytial virus groups A and B in Kuwait

Coronavirus Infections in Children Including COVID-19

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