Acute unclassified leukemia. A clinicopathologic study with diagnostic implications of electron microscopy

Youness, Ehsan; Trujillo, José M.; Ahearn, Michael J.; McCredie, Kenneth B.; Cork, Ann

doi:10.1002/ajh.2830090109

Cited by 27 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) Eguchi et al 1977;Ghadially et al 1985;Glick et al 1978;McKenna et al 1979;Mollo and Stramignoni 1967;Schrek 1972;Schuurmans Stekhoven and Holland 1986;Shamoto et al 1981;Smith et al 1982;Youness et al 1980 Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)…”

Section: Myeloid Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear envelope-limited chromatin sheets (ELCS) and heterochromatin higher order structure

Olins

2009

Chromosoma

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The interphase nucleus and nuclear envelope can acquire a myriad of shapes in normal or pathological cell states. There exist a wide variety of indentations and invaginations, of protrusions and evaginations. It has been difficult to classify and name all of these nuclear shapes and, consequently, a barrier to understanding the biochemical and biophysical causes. This review focuses upon one type of nuclear envelope shape change, named "nuclear envelope-limited chromatin sheets" (ELCS), which appears to involve exaggerated nuclear envelope growth, carrying with it one or more layers of approximately 30 nm diameter heterochromatin. A hypothesis on the formation of ELCS is proposed, relating higher order heterochromatin structure in an interphase nucleus, nuclear envelope growth, and nuclear envelope-heterochromatin interactions.

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Section: Myeloid Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear envelope-limited chromatin sheets (ELCS) and heterochromatin higher order structure

Olins

2009

Chromosoma

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Therapy of lymphoid and undifferentiated chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis with continuous vincristine and adriamycin infusions plus high-dose decadron

Walters

Kantarjian

Keating

et al. 1987

Cancer

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Thirty patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive lymphoid (20 patients) or undifferentiated (ten patients) chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis were treated with 0.4 mg of vincristine by continuous intravenous infusion (CIV) daily for 4 days; (doxorubicin) 12 mg/m2 of Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) by continuous intravenous infusion daily for 4 days; and 40 mg of decadron daily on days 1 through 4, 9 through 12, and 17 through 20 (VAD). Course 2 was given starting on day 24 with the addition of cyclophosphamide 1 g/22. Overall nine patients achieved complete remission (30%) and three attained a partial remission (10%), for an overall response rate of 40%. Four patients expired during induction whereas 14 had resistant disease. Response rate was significantly higher for patients with lymphoid compared to undifferentiated morphology (55% versus 10%; P = 0.05). In lymphoid blast crisis, Calla-positive disease was associated with a higher response rate compared to Calla-negative disease (75% versus 25%; P = 0.08). Eleven patients developed infections, and seven had fever without documented infections. The median overall survival was 29 weeks. Median survival was 43 weeks for patients achieving complete remission and 20 weeks for those with resistant disease. Remission duration was 39 weeks. After primary and salvage therapy, nine patients are alive, six of them in continuous remission for 19+ to 112+ weeks. The authors conclude that VAD chemotherapy is an effective regimen with acceptable toxicity in patients with lymphoid blast crisis especially those with Calla-positive disease. Alternate induction regimens for undifferentiated disease and for maintenance therapy are currently being investigated.

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Cytochemistry and ultrastructure in lymphoma and leukemia: Utility in the diagnosis of different leukemias and the recognition of subtypes of lymphoproliferative disorders

Polliack¹,

Leizerowitz²

1983

Hematological Oncology

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SUMMARYThis review is based on the findings of multiparameter studies performed on cells obtained from over 200 cases of leukemia and illustrates the wide range of laboratory tests currently available for cell phenotype identification. Immunological techniques are not discussed and the review deals mainly with light and electron microscopic cytochemistry. transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The importance of light microscopic cytochemistry is clearly demonstrated. In particular, paranuclear acid phosphatase, non-specific esterase (NSE) and diaminopeptidase staining are recommended as reliable T-cell markers. Ultrastructural identification of unclassified leukemic cells using techniques to detect myeloperoxidase. acid phosphatase, platelet peroxide (PPO) and NSE, is shown to be of great importance in cases of early myelo-monoblastic differentiation with negative light microscopic cytochemistry.SEM is also shown to be a reliable means of distinguishing lymphoid and non-lymphoid leukemia when some degree of differentiation is present. However SEM does not appear to contribute in the diagnosis of unclassified leukemia. The new scanning immunoelectron microscopy (SIEM) technique employing heteroantisera or monoclonal antibodies conjugated to latex microspheres (immunolatex) to detect surface receptors and specific antigens is also illustrated. This technique displays the topography of surface antigens on the cell surface of leukemic cells in 3-dimension and facilitates simultaneous visualization of the surface architecture of the labelled cells.

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Acute unclassified leukemia. A clinicopathologic study with diagnostic implications of electron microscopy

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Nuclear envelope-limited chromatin sheets (ELCS) and heterochromatin higher order structure

Nuclear envelope-limited chromatin sheets (ELCS) and heterochromatin higher order structure

Therapy of lymphoid and undifferentiated chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis with continuous vincristine and adriamycin infusions plus high-dose decadron

Cytochemistry and ultrastructure in lymphoma and leukemia: Utility in the diagnosis of different leukemias and the recognition of subtypes of lymphoproliferative disorders

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