Acute toxicity, uptake, depuration and tissue distribution of tri-n-butyltin in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

Martin, Richard C.; Dixon, D. George; Maguire, R. James; Hodson, Peter V.; Tkacz, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/0166-445x(89)90004-0

Cited by 68 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Following 14-d exposure to 2 mg 1-1 in a flowing system, tissue burdens were -25 fLg g-I; the BCF was -1000. Martin et al (1990) (Table 16.1). Measured concentrations were liver, 3.27 fLg g-l; gall bladder, 0.48 fLg g-l; kidney, 3.72 fLg g-I; carcass, 5.58 fLg g-I; muscle, 0.77 fLg g-l; brain and gonads, both 4.5 fLg g-l. During the uptake phase, peritoneal fat comprised an important depot (13.8 fLg g-l after 15-d exposure), but, following a move to clean water, TBT concentrations in peritoneal fat dropped markedly (1.86 fLg g-l).…”

Section: Exposed Sheepshead Minnows (Cyprinidon Variegatus)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Similar patterns were also evident in fish. For example, Martin et al (1990) found that peritoneal fat in trout was a major component of a kinetic model describing uptake of TBT from water.…”

Section: Compartmentalization In Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Partitioning into single cells or cell components is virtually instantaneous, being limited only by diffusion rates (Wieth and Tosteson, 1979). In macroorganisms, the bioaccumulation is controlled by the kinetics of diffusion between two or more compartments (Mackay and Hughes, 1984;Martin et al, 1990). Bioaccumulation is consequently slower and tends to be mediated by physiological factors such as blood flow and gill irrigation rate that assist diffusion-mediated functions.…”

Section: Rates Of Bioaccumulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Bioaccumulation of TBT by Aquatic Organisms

Laughlin¹

1996

Organotin

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Section: Exposed Sheepshead Minnows (Cyprinidon Variegatus)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Compartmentalization In Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Rates Of Bioaccumulationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Bioaccumulation of TBT by Aquatic Organisms

Laughlin¹

1996

Organotin

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“…TBT has been shown to be highly toxic to a number of aquatic animals including fish (Hall & Pinkney, 1985;Martin et al, 1989;Fent, 1991;Fent & Meier, 1992), mussels, oysters (Laughlin et al, 1986;Thain, 1986;Thain & Waldock, 1986;Langston et al, 1987;Chagot et al, 1990) and crustaceans (Evans & Laughlin, 1984;Cardwell & Sheldon, 1986). In marine prosobranch snails, TBT induces reproductive abnormalities and sterilization of female animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TBT-induced imposex in marine neogastropods is mediated by an increasing androgen level

Bettin

Oehlmann

Stroben

1996

Helgolander Meeresunters

299

183

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Tributyltin (TBT) exposure at different concentrations (5, 50, and 100 ng TBT as Sn/1) induces a concentration-and time-dependent imposex (= pseudohermaphroditism) development in female Nucella lapillus and Hinia reticulata. In both species the average imposex stage, termed as vas deferens sequence (VDS) index, and the average female penis length increases with increasing TBT concentration and duration of TBT exposure. Testosterone added at a concentration of 500 ng/1 induces a faster and more intensive imposex development compared to that induced by the TBT concentrations used in the present experiments. Radioimmunological determination of endogenous steroid content reveals increasing testosterone titres in female gastropods exposed to TBT which correlate with the TBT concentration used and the duration of the experiment. The most marked and highest increase of the endogenous testosterone level is exhibited by females of both species exposed to testosterone. Simultaneous exposure to TBT and to the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate which suppresses imposex development completely in N. lapillus and reduces imposex development strongly in H. reticulata proves that the imposex-inducing effects of TBT are mediated by an increasing androgen level and are not caused directly by the organotin compound itself. Furthermore, TBT-induced imposex development can be suppressed in both snails by adding estrogens to the aqueous medium. These observations suggest that TBT causes an inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 dependent aromatase system which catalyses the aromatization of androgens to estrogens. The increase of the androgen content or the shift of the androgen-estrogen balance in favour of androgens induces the development of pseudohermaphroditism in marine prosobranchs. Artificial inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 dependent aromatase system using SH 489 (1-methyl-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione) as a steroidal aromatase inhibitor and flavone as a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor induces imposex development in N. lapfllus as well as in H. reticulata.

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“…Fish species have been shown to bioaccumulate organotins by two to three orders of magnitude. 14,15 TBT was found to bioaccumulate in salmon held in net pens, and thus to enter the human food chain. 16 Fish from treated pens contained 0.3-0.9 µg/g TBT in muscles.…”

Section: Speciation Analysis and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sublethal levels of tributyltin chloride on a new toxicity test organism, Liza saliens (osteichthyes, mugilidae): a histological study

D'Agati

Mansueto

et al. 2006

Applied Organom Chemis

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The histopathological effects of 10 −7 and 10 −9 M tributyltin(IV)chloride,TBTCl, solutions on different Liza saliens organs have been studied by light microscope. The fish were sacrificed after 3-4 h incubation in 10 −7 M TBTCl solution or after 15 days incubation in 10 −9 M solution. The observed histopathological changes were dose-and time-dependent. The 10 −7 M TBTCl concentration resulted in major damage to the gill epithelium, indicating that TBTCl primarily interfered with the respiration, osmoregulation, acid balance and nitrogenous waste excretion processes. After incubation in 10 −9 M TBTCl solution the fish lived 20 or more days, but many of the organs were altered. Thymus atrophy, reduced spleen and altered head kidney were observed. These histological results indicated that TBTCl interfered with organ immunodefense and altered main metabolic pathways in Liza saliens. The presence of melano-macrophage centers, only in TBT-treated liver and spleen, can be considered a tool to facilitate, with other biomarkers, the detection of alterations by toxicants. Regarding the pancreas activity in 10 −7 M solutions, it has been noted that, in the exocrine cells, very few zymogen granules were still present and the Langerhans islets were more altered. In 10 −9 M solution the exocrine pancreatic cells had no granules and the islet cells presented degenerative alterations. In addition, TBTCl, which altered the pancreas and gonad morphology, could again be considered an endocrine disrupter even if biochemical data are still necessary. Finally, the Liza saliens juveniles could be considered an interesting biological model for experiments with contaminants, due to their ease of adaptation to experimental conditions and food chain position.

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Acute toxicity, uptake, depuration and tissue distribution of tri-n-butyltin in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

Cited by 68 publications

References 25 publications

Bioaccumulation of TBT by Aquatic Organisms

Bioaccumulation of TBT by Aquatic Organisms

TBT-induced imposex in marine neogastropods is mediated by an increasing androgen level

Effects of sublethal levels of tributyltin chloride on a new toxicity test organism, Liza saliens (osteichthyes, mugilidae): a histological study

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