Acute toxicity studies of Croton membranaceus root extract

Asare, George Awuku; Sittie, Archibald; Bugyei, Kwasi Agyei; Gyan, Ben; Adjei, Samuel; Addo, Phyllis; Wiredu, Edwin K.; Nyarko, A.K.; Otu-Nyarko, Lydia; Adjei, David Nana

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.004

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Previous in vitro studies revealed that the ethanolic root extract of C. membranaceus was cytotoxic to the normal and cancerous cells of the human prostate (Bayor et al, 2008). Preclinical toxicity studies indicate that the ethanolic root extract of C. membranaceus is generally non-toxic (Asare et al, 2011;Afriyie et al, 2013a). Recent in vivo studies showed that the aqueous root extract of C. membranaceus causes a significant inhibition in the proliferation of glandular epithelial cells and a decrease in the serum prostate-specific antigen levels (Afriyie et al, 2013b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria-dependent apoptogenic activity of the aqueous root extract of Croton membranaceus against human BPH-1 cells

Afriyie¹,

Asare²,

Bugyei³

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT.Croton membranaceus aqueous root extract (CMARE) is among the widely used phytotherapeutics in Ghana for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. However, the mechanism of action of CMARE remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to establish whether apoptosis is involved in the antiproliferative effect of CMARE on human BPH-1 cells. We determined the effect of treatment with 0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/mL CMARE for 24, 48, and 72 h on the viability and morphology of BPH-1 cells using the MMT assay and phase-contrast microscopy, respectively. We examined the apoptosisinducing effects of CMARE after 48 h at the cellular level using Hoescht 33258 and JC-1 dye staining and flow cytometry analysis. We performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting to confirm the apoptotic effects of CMARE at the molecular level. CMARE induced a significant dose-dependent inhibition in the proliferation of BPH-1 cells (P < 0.05) and an alteration in their morphology and a reduction their density. Furthermore, CMARE induced dose-dependent staining of the nuclear chromatin, significant DNA fragmentation with G 0 /G 1 sub-diploid cells (P < 0.01), and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential in the treated cells compared to the controls after 48 h (P < 0.01). Additionally, while CMARE induced a significant upregulation of the mRNA and protein levels of Bax, those of Bcl 2 did not change significantly. Therefore, induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of BPH-1 cells may be a possible mechanism of action of CMARE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondria-dependent apoptogenic activity of the aqueous root extract of Croton membranaceus against human BPH-1 cells

Afriyie¹,

Asare²,

Bugyei³

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Croton is a large genus of the Euphorbiaceae family, comprising approximately 1200 species of trees, shrubs and herbs distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Asare et al, 2011). Some species of the genus Croton, such as Croton cajucara Benth (De Paula et al, 2008), Croton zambesicus Müell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Croton crassifolius ethanol extract

Zhao

Fang

et al. 2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…In an acute toxicity study of C. membranaceus , similar decreases were observed but were not statistically significant. [13] Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and are involved with the immune system. Several factors may account for low lymphocyte levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-atherogenic and anti-ischemic potentials of Croton membranaceus observed during sub-chronic toxicity studies

et al. 2013

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Background:Croton membranaceus (CM) is used for benign prostate hyperplasia treatment.Objective:Sub-chronic toxicity studies are non-existent and provided the basis for this study.Materials and Methods:90 days oral administration of a low dose (LD) (30 mg/kg b. wt.), medium dose (MD) (150 mg/kg b. wt.), and high dose (HD) (300 mg/kg b. wt.) CM aqueous root extract to 3 groups (n=6 each) of male Sprague-Dawley rats, alongside a control group, was undertaken. Urinalysis, hepato-renal function tests, lipid profile, cardiac enzymes, and routine hematology tests were performed.Results:Triglyceride levels (C=1.05±0.19, LD=0.64±0.08, MD=0.55±0.04, HD=0.50±0.02 mmol/L) were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Very low density lipoprotein (C=0.48±0.09, LD=0.29±0.04, MD=0.25±0.02, HD=0.23±0.01 mmol/L) decreased significantly (P<0.05). Cardiac enzymes-creatinine kinase (C=568±172, LD=315±79, MD=441±209, HD=286±81 IU/L) decreased markedly (P<0.05) alongside lactate dehydrogenase (C=2675±875, LD=1667±1229, MD=1186±442, HD=855±239 IU/L) (P<0.05).Conclusion:C. membranaceus aqueous root extract is non-toxic but demonstrates anti-atherogenic and anti-ischemic potentials.

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Acute toxicity studies of Croton membranaceus root extract

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Mitochondria-dependent apoptogenic activity of the aqueous root extract of Croton membranaceus against human BPH-1 cells

Mitochondria-dependent apoptogenic activity of the aqueous root extract of Croton membranaceus against human BPH-1 cells

Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Croton crassifolius ethanol extract

Anti-atherogenic and anti-ischemic potentials of Croton membranaceus observed during sub-chronic toxicity studies

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