“…As Hatakeyama and Hiroaki (1998) pointed out, the absence of cannibalism, resulting in very high control survivals, combined with their easy culture, handling, and sensitivity to pollutants make them excellent candidates for biomonitoring programs. Several studies pointed out their potential value as biotest species in Europe (e.g., Vijayram and Geraldine, 1996;Bazzanti et al, 1997;Lombardi et al, 2000Lombardi et al, , 2001Gerhardt et al, 2002Gerhardt et al, , 2004. The small decapod Atyaephyra desmaresti Millet is one of the few freshwater shrimps in Europe, originating from the Mediterranean area (Gauthier, 1924), extending east to the Black Sea and north to The Netherlands (Fidalgo and Gerhardt, 2003) via the large European waterways.…”