Acute toxicity of the herbicide bromoxynil to <i>Daphnia magna</i>

Buhl, Kevin J.; Hamilton, Steven J.; Schmulbach, James C.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620120813

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…However, effect latency was less pronounced in neonate daphnids compared to adult response, as revealed by a prolongation of the acute test without any exposure, which is in turn in close alignment with the predictions of the GUTS-SIDS (Figure S6). Effect latency is observable as a response to toxicant after the termination of exposure and has previously been reported for daphnids , and other species. , It has been hypothesized that damage caused by toxicants can only manifest at later developmental stages, e.g., at moulting events or metamorphosis . Our results support another hypothesis: that latency is a consequence of toxicokinetics. ,, Having entered the body, TPT is hardly eliminated at all by large bodied daphnids (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Demographic Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Modeling of Lethal Effects

Gergs

Gabsi

Zenker

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The aquatic effect assessment of chemicals is largely based on standardized measures of toxicity determined in short-term laboratory tests which are designed to reduce variability. For this purpose, uniform individuals of a species are kept under environmental and chemical exposure conditions which are as constant as possible. In nature, exposure often appears to be pulsed, effects might last longer than a few days, sensitivity might vary among different sized organisms and populations are usually size or age structured and are subject to demographic processes. To overcome this discrepancy, we tested toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models of different complexities, including body size scaling approaches, for their ability to represent lethal effects observed for Daphnia magna exposed to triphenyltin. The consequences of the different toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic assumptions for population level responses to pulsed exposure are tested by means of an individual based model and are evaluated by confronting model predictions with population data for various pulsed exposure scenarios. We provide an example where increased model complexity reduces the uncertainty in model outputs. Furthermore, our results emphasize the importance of considering population demography in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics for understanding and predicting potential chemical impacts at higher levels of biological organization.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Demographic Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Modeling of Lethal Effects

Gergs

Gabsi

Zenker

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Early signs of lethal effects in Daphnia magna (Branchiopoda, Cladocera) exposed to the insecticide cypermethrin and the fungicide azoxystrobin

Friberg-Jensen

Nachman

Christoffersen

2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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This study presents the effects of sublethal concentrations of pesticides cypermethrin and azoxystrobin on the activity of several physiological parameters of egg-carrying Daphnia magna studied using a video-image technique. Single tethered daphnids were continuously recorded for 24 h of pesticide exposure, and the activity of the heart, the filtering limbs, the mandibles, and the focal spine were subsequently analyzed. Acute toxicity tests based on the criteria of immobilization were performed on egg-carrying D. magna, and sublethal concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10 µg/L cypermethrin and 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L azoxystrobin were established. At a concentration as low as 0.1 µg/L cypermethrin, the 5% effective concentration after 24 h of exposure (EC5,24h), the activity of the focal spine increased and the filtering limb activity decreased. The activity of the mandibles was reduced by exposure to 1.0 (EC18,24 h) and 10 µg/L (EC41,24 h) cypermethrin, whereas heart activity increased at a concentration of 10 µg/L (EC41,24 h). With regard to azoxystrobin, the activity of all response parameters except the focal spine decreased by exposure to 0.5 mg/L (EC4,24h) azoxystrobin. The focal spine was not affected by azoxystrobin. The results show that physiological mechanisms important for ingestion of food in D. magna may be impaired by low concentrations of commonly used pesticides.

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Effects of chlorpyrifos on individuals and populations of Daphnia pulex in the laboratory and field

Hoeven

Gerritsen

1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos (cpf) on young (<1 d old) and adult (7–9 d old) Daphnia pulex and the ability of D. pulex to recover after exposure were tested in the laboratory. Populations of D. pulex exposed to cpf were studied in the laboratory and field. In the field, cpf was applied in a single dose. The effects of that dose on D. pulex populations were tested and compared with the effects of a simulated single dose and its ensuing decay on populations in the laboratory. The lowest no‐observed‐effect concentration was about 0.05 μg/L (actual concentration). Chlorpyrifos immobilized D. pulex several days before death. Juveniles became immobilized faster than adults. Even when no longer exposed, D. pulex immobilized by cpf died. In the laboratory and field, observed population dynamics and effects of cpf on these dynamics were very similar. The median effective concentration for population size after 2 and 7 d of exposure did not differ between the laboratory and field (2 d, 0.38 and 0.31 μg/L, respectively; 7 d, 0.25 and 0.34 μg/L, respectively). Effects of cpf on single‐species Daphnia populations in the laboratory and field can be predicted from effects observed in tests with individuals.

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Acute toxicity of the herbicide bromoxynil to Daphnia magna

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Demographic Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Modeling of Lethal Effects

Demographic Toxicokinetic–Toxicodynamic Modeling of Lethal Effects

Early signs of lethal effects in Daphnia magna (Branchiopoda, Cladocera) exposed to the insecticide cypermethrin and the fungicide azoxystrobin

Effects of chlorpyrifos on individuals and populations of Daphnia pulex in the laboratory and field

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