Acute toxicity of organic antifouling biocides to phytoplankton Nitzschia pungens and zooplankton Artemia larvae

Jung, Sang-Mok; Bae, Jun Seok; Kang, Sang Gue; Son, Jino; Jeon, Jiyoung; Lee, H.J.; Jeon, Ji Young; Sidharthan, M.; Ryu, Sungmin; Shin, Hyun Woung

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.047

Cited by 47 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The most common strategy being applied to combat biofouling is the use of antifouling coatings based on effective but somehow toxic active principles that need to be replaced [6,7], and environmentally benign alternatives are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Antifouling Activity Relationship and Molecular Targets of Bio-Inspired(thio)xanthones

et al. 2020

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The development of alternative ecological and effective antifouling technologies is still challenging. Synthesis of nature-inspired compounds has been exploited, given the potential to assure commercial supplies of potential ecofriendly antifouling agents. In this direction, the antifouling activity of a series of nineteen synthetic small molecules, with chemical similarities with natural products, were exploited in this work. Six (4, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 17) of the tested xanthones showed in vivo activity toward the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae (EC50: 3.53–28.60 µM) and low toxicity to this macrofouling species (LC50 > 500 µM and LC50/EC50: 17.42–141.64), and two of them (7 and 10) showed no general marine ecotoxicity (<10% of Artemia salina mortality) after 48 h of exposure. Regarding the mechanism of action in mussel larvae, the best performance compounds 4 and 5 might be acting by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity (in vitro and in silico studies), while 7 and 10 showed specific targets (proteomic studies) directly related with the mussel adhesive structure (byssal threads), given by the alterations in the expression of Mytilus collagen proteins (PreCols) and proximal thread proteins (TMPs). A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was built with predictive capacity to enable speeding the design of new potential active compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Antifouling Activity Relationship and Molecular Targets of Bio-Inspired(thio)xanthones

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, the zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) booster biocide present in the zinc paint could be the cause of the higher toxicity of its microparticle leachate than of the non-weathered TP and paint mix leachate, as the total heavy metal concentration in the zinc paint leachate was distinctly lower. ZnPT is highly toxic to aquatic organisms (e.g., [ 55 , 56 ]) and R. subcapitata , reflected in its low EC 50 of 28 µg L −1 [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Weathering Increases the Release of Toxic Leachates from Microplastic Particles as Demonstrated through Altered Toxicity to the Green Algae Raphidocelis subcapitata

Simon

Hartmann

Vollertsen

2021

Toxics

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Studies that evaluate the impact of microplastic particles (MPs) often apply particles of pristine material. However, MPs are affected by various abiotic and biotic processes in the environment that possibly modify their physical and chemical characteristics, which might then result in their altered toxic effect. This study evaluated the consequence of weathering on the release of toxic leachates from microplastics. MPs derived from six marine antifouling paints, end-of-life tires, and unplasticised PVC were exposed to UV-C radiation to simulate weathering. Non-weathered and weathered MPs were leached in algae growth medium for 72 h to demonstrate additive release under freshwater conditions. The model organism, green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, was exposed to the resulting leachates of both non-weathered and weathered MPs. The results of the growth inhibition tests showed that the leachates of weathered microparticles were more toxic than of the non-weathered material, which was reflected in their lower median effect concentration (EC50) values. Chemical analysis of the leachates revealed that the concentration of heavy metals was several times higher in the leachates of the weathered MPs compared to the non-weathered ones, which likely contributed to the increased toxicity. Our findings suggest including weathered microplastic particles in exposure studies due to their probably differing impact on biota from MPs of pristine materials.

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“…Less life span of new alternatives may increase the frequency of docking of vessels for maintenance (Vázquez-Rowe et al, 2010). Jung et al, (2017) reported that nine alternatives such as irgaol 1051, diuron, chlrothalonil, dichlofluanid, sea-nine 211, copper pyrithione, zinc phrithion, ziram and zineb showed antifouling activity against microalgae Nitzschiapungens and zooplankton Artemia larvae for limitation time in 96 hr. Moreover, the cost of few long lasting AF coatings available in the market is 3-4 times high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in alternative antifouling technologies for healthy biodiversity

Shin¹,

Jung²,

Lee³

et al. 2019

JEB

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In recent years the influx of tributyltin (TBT) pollutants in marine environment is of great concern. Antifouling (AF) coating release is considered as one of the major sources of TBT contamination. TBT is known to cause adverse negative impacts like bioaccumulation, proliferation of shell deformities, imposex etc. It has been-1 well demonstrated that environmental TBT concentration lesser than 1ngSnl induces ill effects in several sensitive non-targeted marine living organisms. Besides, TBT accumulation in tissues of edible marine organisms and corresponding accumulation in humans is on the increase. Among the Asian countries, high frequency of imposex has been reported in Korea due to TBT toxicity. But survivorship of sensitive planktonic organisms is yet to be studied in detail. The existing local TBT restrictions and proposed international ban on TBT by International Marine Organization (IMO) has greatly helped in the restoration of growth and development of once severely suffered TBT sensitive organisms. In some instances, it was also related to 'green tide' by a hypothesis that the over growth of green algal communities has resulted due to TBT ban. Although Asian countries are major marine aquaculture producers, comparatively lesser initiatives have been incorporated in their national policies to combat TBT usage. It appears that this may be largely due to cost-effectiveness, as TBT coatings have long lasting effects. Many of the available alternative AF technologies are comparatively less effective and not suitable for broad-spectrum applications. In general, short longevity and cost-effectiveness are also a major drawback in alternatives. However, research attempts directed AF compounds extracted from marine natural products exhibit effective AF activity against 'monospecific' foulers. Allelopathic natural deterrent principles involved in these compounds have proved to be an eco-friendly AF technology. Our experimental investigations show that few Korean marine algae have broad-spectrum AF activity par with TBT. From the lessons learnt by many developed countries with regard to TBT crisis and alarming levels of TBT residues persisting in the Asian waters appropriate changes to be made in TBT restriction policies are discussed. Based on the revelations, suggestions were also made for effective means of controlling fouling organisms and to chalk out concrete action plans to check the ever increasing TBT contamination in the Asian waters.

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Acute toxicity of organic antifouling biocides to phytoplankton Nitzschia pungens and zooplankton Artemia larvae

Cited by 47 publications

References 75 publications

Structure-Antifouling Activity Relationship and Molecular Targets of Bio-Inspired(thio)xanthones

Structure-Antifouling Activity Relationship and Molecular Targets of Bio-Inspired(thio)xanthones

Accelerated Weathering Increases the Release of Toxic Leachates from Microplastic Particles as Demonstrated through Altered Toxicity to the Green Algae Raphidocelis subcapitata

Progress in alternative antifouling technologies for healthy biodiversity

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