Acute Toxicity of a Marine Emerging Pollutant (Promethazine Hydrochloride) on Artemia sp

Abstract

Recently, there has been a worrying increase in the pollution of the aquatic ecosystem caused by emerging contaminants (ECs) detected in wastewater effluent discharges. Although traces of ECs in waters have been found in low concentrations, it leads to negative effects for nontarget organisms. Antihistamines are a class of drugs largely used, whose metabolites are widespread in the aquatic ecosystem. The aim of the study was to evaluate the short-term effects of promethazine hydrochloride on nauplii of Artemia sp. A high percentage of mortality and morphological alterations were found. The results suggest a possible correlation between exposure to antihistamine and an acceleration of larval development.

Sublethal Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on the Embryonic Development of Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758)

“…Zooplankton, in particular, is characterized by different classes of organisms such as microcrustaceans, copepods, and rotifers that feed on other plankton, playing the role of primary consumers [5]. Zooplankton is used for ecotoxicological assays Animals 2023, 13, 3152 2 of 16 as a biological indicator to provide information on water quality and to examine the effects of pollutants (metals, drugs, engineered nanoparticles, and pesticides) on biological communities and the balance of ecosystems [6][7][8][9]. Artemia salina, commonly known as the sea monkey, is a microcrustacean that lives in hypersaline aquatic ecosystems and is one of the most studied organisms of zooplankton, especially in the embryological field, since its very early developmental stages (nauplii) are sensitive to perturbations of the microenvironment caused by the influence of pollutants [10,11].…”

Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Determine Promethazine and Its Metabolites in Edible Tissues of Swine

“…There have been reports of adverse reactions due to PMZ abuse in humans, including drug-induced mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases in certain individuals [5][6][7]. However, the illegal use of PMZ in animal feed and breeding can also pose health hazards to consumers through drug residues in animal-derived foods and result in environmental pollution and other risks [8,9]. Chinese Ministry of Agriculture Announcements No.…”