Acute symptomatic seizures and COVID-19: Hospital-based study

Khedr, Eman M.; Shoyb, Ahmed; Mohammaden, Mahmoud; Saber, Mostafa

doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106650

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…They found that hypoxia, the most common complication in their cohort studied, could potentially trigger anoxic encephalopathy, causing seizures [ 13 ]. Hypoxia due to COVID-19 has also been shown to result in ischemic stroke, which can augment the development of seizures in certain patients [ 14 ]. In addition, electrolytes abnormalities and certain antibiotic use could potentially trigger seizures in patients [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Presenting as a Seizure: A Kenyan Case Report

Raza¹,

Ebrahim²,

Ekea³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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The new coronavirus quickly spread throughout the world in late 2019 and became a pandemic in early 2020. The most common symptoms observed are fever, dry cough, loss of taste and smell, and respiratory distress. Other rarer complications can involve the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or neurological systems. Of the neurological complications, epileptic seizures are a subject of particular interest due to their relatively unknown and widespread etiologies. It is understood that the entry or production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during a COVID-19 infection can result in neurotransmitter modulation and ion channel dysfunction, leading to neuronal hyperexcitability, presenting as seizures. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case in sub-Saharan Africa of a COVID-19 positive patient presenting to our institution with a reported seizure followed by confusion. Our case highlights the need to broaden our differential diagnosis to include COVID-19 infections in patients presenting with seizures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Presenting as a Seizure: A Kenyan Case Report

Raza¹,

Ebrahim²,

Ekea³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…In a case study, only 5 patients with an ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke presented with seizure onset. This may be due to hypoxemia and excessive secretion of inflammatory markers during COVID-19, which contributes to the onset of acute stroke and increases the incidence of seizures [ 24 ].…”

Section: Review Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Poststroke Seizure and Epilepsy: A Review of Incidence, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Therapies

Phan

Ramos

Soares

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Stroke is the most common cause of epilepsy and ultimately leads to a decrease in the quality of life of those affected. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes can both lead to poststroke epilepsy (PSE). Significant risk factors for PSE include age < 65 age less than 65 years, stroke severity measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), cortical involvement, and genetic factors such as TRPM6 polymorphism. The diagnosis of PSE is made by using imaging modalities, blood biomarkers, and prognostic criteria. Electroencephalography (EEG) is currently the gold standard to diagnose PSE, while new combinations of modalities are being tested to increase diagnostic specificity. This literature review uncovers a newly found mechanism for the pathology of poststroke epilepsy. The pathogenesis of early-onset and late-onset is characterized by sequelae of neuronal cellular hypoxia and disruption of the blood-brain barrier, respectively. Interleukin-6 is responsible for increasing the activity of glial cells, causing gliosis and hyperexcitability of neurons. Epinephrine, high-mobility group protein B1, downregulation of CD32, and upregulation of HLA-DR impact the pathology of poststroke epilepsy by inhibiting the normal neuronal immune response. Decreased levels of neuropeptide Y, a neurotransmitter, act through multiple unique mechanisms, such as inhibiting intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and acting as an anti-inflammatory, also implemented in the worsening progression of poststroke epilepsy. Additionally, CA1 hippocampal resonant neurons that increase theta oscillation are associated with poststroke epilepsy. Hypertensive small vessel disease may also have an implication in the temporal lobe epilepsy by causing occult microinfarctions. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential use of statins as primary prophylaxis against PSE, with multiple studies demonstrating a reduction in incidence using statins alone, statins in combination with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and statins with aspirin. The evidence strongly suggests that the second generation AEDs are a superior treatment method for PSE. Data from numerous studies demonstrate their relative lack of significant drug interactions, increased tolerability, and potential superiority in maintaining seizure-free status.

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“…Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory failure in patients with drastic COVID-19 pneumonia and systemic hyperinflammation [226]. A list of monoclonal antibodies against GM-CSF is provided in severe side effects after the first dose of the vaccine, but those who were not infected by the virus had worse side effects after the second dose of the vaccine, including tiredness, headache, muscular soreness, chills, fever, and nausea.…”

Section: Alternative Of Corticosteroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post COVID-19 complications, adjunct therapy explored, and steroidal after effects

Sonkar

Hase

Banerjee³

et al. 2022

Can. J. Chem.

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For survivors of the COVID-19 disease, defeating the virus is just the beginning of a long road to recovery. The virus’s inducibility and catastrophic effects are distributed in multiple organs. The induction of cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients is due to the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the host receptor, leading to various immunopathological consequences that might eventually lead to death. So far, it has hit tons of people across the world, but there is still no effective treatment. Patients facing the complications of COVID-19 after recovering have shown extensive clinical symptoms similar to previously circulating coronaviruses. Previous knowledge, and literature have opened up ways to treat this disease and manage post-COVID-19 complications, which poses a severe challenge to health system globally and may exacerbate the fragmentation of diseases. The use of steroids, as a treatment, showed various health problems and side-effects in COVID-19 patients. This review substantially discusses various post-COVID-19 complications observed, adjunctive therapies used along with common COVID-19treatment and spotlighted their side effects and consequences. This review provides latest literature on COVID-19 which emphasizes the subsequent complications in various organs, side-effects of drug, and alternative regimes that were used to treat COVID-19.

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Acute symptomatic seizures and COVID-19: Hospital-based study

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

COVID-19 Presenting as a Seizure: A Kenyan Case Report

COVID-19 Presenting as a Seizure: A Kenyan Case Report

Poststroke Seizure and Epilepsy: A Review of Incidence, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Therapies

Post COVID-19 complications, adjunct therapy explored, and steroidal after effects

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