Acute skin trauma induces hyperemia, but superficial papillary nutritive perfusion remains unchanged

Abstract

The results indicate that skin nutritive papillary capillary function can be assessed by CAVM and DRS, but not with LDPM because of its dependence of the deep plexus perfusion.

Skin trauma rapidly induces thermoregulatory plexus hyperemia, while an increased nutritive papillary capillary function can be detected after 24 h

“…Our selection criteria were the same as for the first trauma study (T1 study) 14 . We included healthy volunteers with Caucasian skin type, who did not use medication, nicotine, or alcohol regularly, and who abstained from physical exercise on the day of the examination and from tea and coffee for 5 h before the examination.…”

“…For LDPM, we used the same procedures and equipment as in the T1 study, 14 that is, monitor (PeriFlux 4001 Master Laser Doppler; Perimed, Järfälla, Sweden), measuring probe (Probe 408 Large Straight Probe), and LabView7 software (National Instruments Corporation, Austin, Texas, USA).…”

“…We used an improved version of the DRS technology; the algorithms used for analyses of the DRS spectra were an improved version from the T1 study (version α‐2; ODI Medical AS, Oslo, Norway). The spectroscope (AvaSpec‐2048‐2; Avantes, Apeldoorn, Netherlands), halogen light source (AvaLight‐Hal‐S; Apeldoorn, Netherlands), the custom‐built fiber optic probe, and white polytetrafluorethylene tile (WS2; Apeldoorn, Netherlands) for calibration, analyses, and decomposition of the DRS spectra were the same as in the T1 study 14 . If the penalty functions for decomposition showed the goodness of fit lower than 90% and with residuals lower than 10% over the complete spectral range, the measurements were excluded from the data.…”

“…The FCD was defined as the mean number of capillary crossings of a grid of lines, per mm line (c/mm). The grid consisted of three vertical and three horizontal lines as described in the T1 study 14 but with one modification; if two capillaries cross each other at the gridline, they were counted as one. To quantify CFV, a 5‐category scale was used, ranging from 0 (no flow) to 4 (brisk flow) as described in the T1 study, 14 Table 1.…”

“…In a previous study in healthy volunteers, we used LDPM, CAVM, and DRS to assess microcirculatory changes 30−60 min after a small skin incision at the volar aspect of the forearm (1 mm deep and 5 mm long) (T1 study) 14 . Lack of changes in FCD and CFV near to the trauma line indicated that the increase in the local metabolism needed (O 2 consumption and local pO 2 ) for the healing process has not yet taken place (i.e., pericyte activity was unchanged), although a significant increase in LDPM was found (deep plexus perfusion was increased because of the axon reflex).…”