Acute Septic Arthritis

Abstract

Acute septic arthritis may develop as a result of hematogenous seeding, direct introduction, or extension from a contiguous focus of infection. The pathogenesis of acute septic arthritis is multifactorial and depends on the interaction of the host immune response and the adherence factors, toxins, and immunoavoidance strategies of the invading pathogen. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus are used in discussing the host-pathogen interaction in the pathogenesis of acute septic arthritis. While diagnosis rests on isolation of the bacterial species from synovial fluid samples, patient history, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and imaging studies are also important. Acute nongonococcal septic arthritis is a medical emergency that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prompt recognition, rapid and aggressive antimicrobial therapy, and surgical treatment are critical to ensuring a good prognosis. Even with prompt diagnosis and treatment, high mortality and morbidity rates still occur. In contrast, gonococcal arthritis is often successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy alone and demonstrates a very low rate of complications and an excellent prognosis for full return of normal joint function. In the case of prosthetic joint infections, the hardware must be eventually removed by a two-stage revision in order to cure the infection

Polyarticular Septic Arthritis with Bilateral Psoas Abscesses following Acupuncture

“…An initial course of antibiotics given on clinical judgment for undiagnosed arthritis is insufficient to exclude the possibility of septic arthritis because of the possible existence of abscess as in this case in which antibiotics are not directly effective. Septic arthritis is more common in patients with previous intra-articular corticosteroid injection, 8 RA, diabetes mellitus 2 or other underlying arthritides such as gout and osteoarthritis. 9 In particular, patients with RA have a 10-fold higher incidence of septic arthritis than the general population.…”

Etiology and outcome of mono-articular arthritis: a follow up study

“…As per the available literature, most commonly involved joint in nongonococcal septic arthritis was knee (50%), followed by hip (20%), shoulder (8%), ankle (7%). 11,18 One case out of three had residual disability due to delay in seeking the treatment. Previous studies have therefore emphasized the need to evaluate and treat septic arthritis on emergency basis due to the rapid cartilage destruction in non-gonococcal septic arthritis.…”

Artritis infecciosa y su relación con la articulación temporomandibular

“…La AI puede ser causada de forma directa o indirecta por cualquier patógeno, bacteriano, viral y por últi-mo fúngico (4,6,10,26). Lo más frecuente en la ATM es la causa adyacente de origen dental, parotí-deo u ótico (9).…”

“…Lo más frecuente en la ATM es la causa adyacente de origen dental, parotí-deo u ótico (9). Además puede producir por diseminación vía hematógena de una infección en otro lugar del cuerpo (4,21). Esto puede deberse a una infección sistémica, comúnmente, gonorrea, sífilis, tuberculosis o enfermedad de Lyme (6,7,9,26).…”

“…La artritis infecciosa (AI), también llamada séptica, piógena, supurativa, purulenta o piartrosis, es una inflamación de la articulación causada por un microorganismo determinado (2). La artritis infecciosa no sólo puede conducir a la rápida destrucción del cartílago hialino o fibrocartíla-go y a la pérdida irreversible de la función articular (3,4), sino que puede ser mortal, especialmente cuando afecta a los recién nacidos (5) y pacientes con comorbilidad (6). La artritis infecciosa de la Articulación Temporomandibular (ATM) es un cuadro que raramente la afecta (7), o se encuentra pocas veces descrito en la literatura.…”