Acute Selenium Poisoning

Carter, Rodney F.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1966.tb72571.x

Cited by 45 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Selenium toxicity has been reported in association with intake of selenium greater than 700mg/day (Carter 1966;Civil and McDonald 1978). Clinical evidence of toxicity was not present in any of the controls or patients with higher levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum selenium levels in individuals on PKU diets

Darling

Mathias²,

O’Regan

et al. 1991

J of Inher Metab Disea

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Serum selenium levels in 73 patients with phenylketonuria were significantly lower than in controls. The phenylketonuric and hyperphenylalaninaemic individuals taking the non-supplemented amino acid mixture generally had lower levels: 36% were below the normal range as defined by our laboratory, compared with 19% in the supplemented group. The low levels were present even in those on diet, who had a greater phenylalanine tolerance--that is, a tolerance for more than 9 x 50 mg phenylalanine exchanges per day, in other words a higher intake of natural protein. Individuals on long-term synthetic diets may be at risk for selenium deficiency even on selenium supplements. In areas where the soil may be low in selenium, the deficiency may be aggravated. Long-term low levels may impair health but the required amount of selenium supplementation remains uncertain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum selenium levels in individuals on PKU diets

Darling

Mathias²,

O’Regan

et al. 1991

J of Inher Metab Disea

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“…Each case involved rapid development of severe gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms followed by acute respiratory failure, myocardial infarction and renal failure. Some cases showed garlic odor of the breath due to the excretion of volatile Se-metabolites across the lung [ 120 , 121 , 122 ]. Garlic breath was among the earliest signs reported for selenotic animals [ 123 , 124 ] and is due mostly to the presence of dimethylselenide ((CH 3 ) 2 Se) excreted across the lung.…”

Section: Selenium Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Selenium Status

2015

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The essential trace element, selenium (Se), has multiple biological activities, which depend on the level of Se intake. Relatively low Se intakes determine the expression of selenoenzymes in which it serves as an essential constituent. Higher intakes have been shown to have anti-tumorigenic potential; and very high Se intakes can produce adverse effects. This hierarchy of biological activities calls for biomarkers informative at different levels of Se exposure. Some Se-biomarkers, such as the selenoproteins and particularly GPX3 and SEPP1, provide information about function directly and are of value in identifying nutritional Se deficiency and tracking responses of deficient individuals to Se-treatment. They are useful under conditions of Se intake within the range of regulated selenoprotein expression, e.g., for humans <55 μg/day and for animals <20 μg/kg diet. Other Se-biomarkers provide information indirectly through inferences based on Se levels of foods, tissues, urine or feces. They can indicate the likelihood of deficiency or adverse effects, but they do not provide direct evidence of either condition. Their value is in providing information about Se status over a wide range of Se intake, particularly from food forms. There is need for additional Se biomarkers particularly for assessing Se status in non-deficient individuals for whom the prospects of cancer risk reduction and adverse effects risk are the primary health considerations. This would include determining whether supranutritional intakes of Se may be required for maximal selenoprotein expression in immune surveillance cells. It would also include developing methods to determine low molecular weight Se-metabolites, i.e., selenoamino acids and methylated Se-metabolites, which to date have not been detectable in biological specimens. Recent analytical advances using tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry suggest prospects for detecting these metabolites.

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“…In animals, the minimum lethal dose for intravenous administration of sodium selenite is between 1.5 and 3 mg/kg [ 22 , 23 ]. In humans, acute lethal poisonings are rare [ 22 - 25 ], with observed toxic effects clinically similar to those of arsenic [ 25 ]. The minimum lethal dose seems to be similar to that for animals [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of high doses of selenium, as sodium selenite, in septic shock: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, phase II study

Forceville¹,

et al. 2007

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IntroductionSepsis is associated with the generation of oxygen free radicals and (lacking) decreased selenium plasma concentrations. High doses of sodium selenite might reduce inflammation by a direct pro-oxidative effect and may increase antioxidant cell capacities by selenium incorporation into selenoenzymes. We investigated the effects of a continuous administration of high doses of selenium in septic shock patients.MethodsA prospective, multicentre, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study was performed with an intention-to-treat analysis in severe septic shock patients with documented infection. Patients received, for 10 days, selenium as sodium selenite (4,000 μg on the first day, 1,000 μg/day on the nine following days) or matching placebo using continuous intravenous infusion. The primary endpoint was the time to vasopressor therapy withdrawal. The duration of mechanical ventilation, the mortality rates in the intensive care unit, at hospital discharge, and at 7, 14, 28 and 180 days and 1 year after randomization, and adverse events were recorded.ResultsSixty patients were included (placebo, n = 29; selenium, n = 31). The median time to vasopressor therapy withdrawal was 7 days in both groups (95% confidence interval = 5–8 and 6–9 in the placebo and selenium groups, respectively; log-rank, P = 0.713). The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 14 days and 19 days in the placebo and selenium groups, respectively (P = 0.762). Mortality rates did not significantly differ between groups at any time point. Rates of adverse events were similar in the two groups.ConclusionContinuous infusion of selenium as sodium selenite (4,000 μg on the first day, 1,000 μg/day on the nine following days) had no obvious toxicity but did not improve the clinical outcome in septic shock patients. Trial Registration = NCT00207844.

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Acute Selenium Poisoning

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Serum selenium levels in individuals on PKU diets

Serum selenium levels in individuals on PKU diets

Biomarkers of Selenium Status

Effects of high doses of selenium, as sodium selenite, in septic shock: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, phase II study

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