Acute Responses to Cycling Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction During Various Intensities

Lauver, Jakob D.; Moran, Austin; Guilkey, Justin P.; Johnson, Kelly E.; Zanchi, Nelo Eidy; Rotarius, Timothy R.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004099

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, the other studies analyzed exclusively men. In addition, the sample evaluated by Lauver et al [29] showed lower cardiorespiratory capacity (VO 2 peak) than the samples analyzed in the other studies (see ▶ Table 1). These results suggest that participant characteristics (e. g., training status), as well as characteristics of the interventions tested, may have impacted the response.…”

Section: Physiological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The sample size varied between 9 and 23 participants. Except for one study 29 , all studies relativized restriction pressure based on arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). Five studies tested more than one restriction pressure (%AOP).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since metabolic and cardiovascular demands are typically greater in high-intensity aerobic training than in low-intensity BFR training, it is not surprising that oxygen consumption was also greater in aerobic training performed at higher intensities. Although all studies confirm this response, two studies included [29,32] in the meta-analysis performed for oxygen consumption presented a lower estimated magnitude of effect estimates (see ▶Fig. 3).…”

Section: Physiological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Regarding the study by Lauver et al. 29 , the authors analyzed a sample composed of men and women. In contrast, the other studies analyzed exclusively men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Silva et al [32] analyzed an exercise protocol with continuous BFR (18 minutes of walking, 40 % VO 2 peak) versus HIIT (6 stimuli of 90 seconds, passive rest, 80 % VO 2 peak), while the remaining studies analyzed intermittent protocols in both conditions (5-6 stimuli of 120 seconds). Regarding the study by Lauver et al [29], the authors analyzed a sample composed of men and women. In contrast, the other studies analyzed exclusively men.…”

Section: Physiological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Responses in Blood Flow Restriction Low-intensity Aerobic Training: A Meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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The purpose was to determine the effect low-intensity training with blood flow restriction (LI-BFR) versus high-intensity aerobic training (HIT) on acute physiological and perceptual responses. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, National Library of Medicine, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases and the reference list of eligible studies were consulted to identify randomized experimental studies, published until July 4, 2022, that analyzed physiological or perceptual responses between LI-BFR versus HIT in healthy young individuals. Mean difference (MD) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used as effect estimates and random effects models were applied in all analyses. Twelve studies were included in this review. During exercise sessions, HIT promoted higher values of heart rate (MD=28.9 bpm; p<0.00001; I 2 =79%), oxygen consumption (SMD=4.01; p<0.00001; I 2 =83%), ventilation (MD=48.03 l/min; p=0.0001; I 2 =97%), effort (SMD=1.54; p=0.003; I 2 =90%) and blood lactate (MD=3.85 mmol/L; p=0.002; I 2 =97%). Perception of pain/discomfort was lower in HIT (SMD=−1.71; p=0.04; I 2 =77.5%). In conclusion, LI-BFR promotes less pronounced physiological responses than HIT but with greater perception of pain.

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Section: Physiological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Regarding the study by Lauver et al. 29 , the authors analyzed a sample composed of men and women. In contrast, the other studies analyzed exclusively men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Responses in Blood Flow Restriction Low-intensity Aerobic Training: A Meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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A comparison of physiological and perceptual responses to fixed‐power and perceptually regulated cycling with and without blood flow restriction in trained cyclists

Smith,

Girard,

Scott

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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This study compared physiological and perceptual responses between cycling prescribed using fixed‐power (PWR) and fixed rating of perceived exertion (RPE), when performed with blood flow restricted (BFRPWR and BFRRPE) and unrestricted (CONPWR and CONRPE). Endurance cyclists/triathletes cycled for 10 min in four separate randomized conditions; that is, two methods of prescribed exercise intensity (power at the first ventilatory threshold or RPE matched to CONPWR) combined with two occlusion levels (with BFR or without). Cardiorespiratory and perceptual variables were recorded every 2 min. Blood lactate concentration was measured pre‐, immediately and 2‐min postexercise. Power output during BFRRPE was lower than CONRPE (−13 ± 13%). The greatest physiological and perceptual responses were achieved during BFRPWR. Heart rate during BFRRPE was not different compared with CONPWR, yet was greater than CONRPE (+4 ± 11%). Muscular discomfort during BFRRPE was greater than CONPWR (+43 ± 18%) and CONRPE (+65 ± 58%). Cuff pain was greater during BFRPWR than BFRRPE (+14 ± 21%). Blood lactate concentration was not different between BFRRPE, CONPWR, and CONRPE at any timepoint. The reduction in power (fixed‐RPE trials; BFR minus unrestricted) correlated with changes in the respiratory rate (r = 0.85, confidence intervals [CI] = 0.51, 0.96) and postexercise lactate (r = 0.75, CI = 0.27, 0.93) but not muscular discomfort (r = 0.18, CI = −0.47, 0.71). Cardiorespiratory and metabolic stress, muscular discomfort, and cuff pain likely mediated self‐regulating fixed‐RPE cycling with BFR. While cycling with BFR at a fixed‐RPE resulted in less physiological stress compared to BFRPWR, it still provided a heightened level of physiological stress, with less pain and discomfort. As such, fixed‐RPE can be a suitable alternative for prescribing BFR to trained cyclists.

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Exploring immediate cardiorespiratory responses: low-intensity blood flow restricted cycling vs. moderate-intensity traditional exercise in a randomized crossover trial

Kuhn,

Clarenbach,

Kläy

et al. 2024

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Purpose Blood-flow restriction (BFR) endurance training may increase endurance performance and muscle strength similar to traditional endurance training while requiring a lower training intensity. We aimed to compare acute cardiorespiratory responses to low-intensity interval exercise under BFR with moderate-intensity traditional interval exercise (TRA). Methods We conducted a randomized crossover study. The protocol involved three cycling intervals interspersed with 1 min resting periods. With a 48-h washout period, individuals performed the protocol twice in random order: once as BFR-50 (i.e., 50% incremental peak power output [IPPO] and 50% limb occlusion pressure [LOP]) and once as TRA-65 (65% IPPO without occlusion). TRA-65 intervals lasted 2 min, and time-matched BFR-50 lasted 2 min and 18 s. Respiratory parameters were collected by breath-by-breath analysis. The ratings of perceived breathing and leg exertion (RPE, 0 to 10) were assessed. Linear mixed models were used for analysis. Results Out of the 28 participants initially enrolled in the study, 24 healthy individuals (18 males and 6 females) completed both measurements. Compared with TRA-65, BFR-50 elicited lower minute ventilation (VE, primary outcome) (-3.1 l/min [-4.4 to -1.7]), oxygen consumption (-0.22 l/min [-0.28 to -0.16]), carbon dioxide production (-0.25 l/min [-0.29 to -0.20]) and RPE breathing (-0.9 [-1.2 to -0.6]). RPE leg was significantly greater in the BFR-50 group (1.3 [1.0 to 1.7]). Conclusion BFR endurance exercise at 50% IPPO and 50% LOP resulted in lower cardiorespiratory work and perceived breathing effort compared to TRA at 65% IPPO. BFR-50 could be an attractive alternative for TRA-65, eliciting less respiratory work and perceived breathing effort while augmenting perceived leg muscle effort. Trial registration NCT05163600; December 20, 2021.

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Acute Responses to Cycling Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction During Various Intensities

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Acute Responses in Blood Flow Restriction Low-intensity Aerobic Training: A Meta-analysis

Acute Responses in Blood Flow Restriction Low-intensity Aerobic Training: A Meta-analysis

A comparison of physiological and perceptual responses to fixed‐power and perceptually regulated cycling with and without blood flow restriction in trained cyclists

Exploring immediate cardiorespiratory responses: low-intensity blood flow restricted cycling vs. moderate-intensity traditional exercise in a randomized crossover trial

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