Acute Respiratory Viral Infections in Ambulatory Children of Urban Northeast Brazil

Arruda, Nelson; Hayden, Frederick G.; McAuliffe, Jay; Sousa, M. A. de; Mota, Sulivan B.; McAuliffe, Mary; Geist, Felicia C.; Carvalho, Evanilda P.; Fernandes, Mayra; Guerrant, Richard L.; Gwaltney, Jack M.

doi:10.1093/infdis/164.2.252

Cited by 94 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In Fortaleza, as in other tropical areas, the rainy season is associated with higher incidences of viral ARI, especially those caused by RSV and influenza [13,14,28,33]. In this study, a correlation between the total number of ARIs and the rainy season was observed, thus agreeing with most studies from tropical areas, where rainfall is the major climatic variable [13,14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In an Italian study of ARI in hospitalized children, using nasal wash as the clinical sample and molecular techniques for thirteen respiratory viruses, HPIV-3 was the only HPIV found, representing 7.5% of identified viruses [21]. It is interesting to compare the results of the present study with those obtained during a community based study conducted in the city of Fortaleza over 29 consecutive months, when 62 infections by HPIV were identified and HPIV-2, HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 represented 54.8%, 21% and 13%, respectively of HPIV identified [28]. An HPIV-2 outbreak developed during the rainy season (February to June) in the second year of that study, when about 24 HPIV-2 viruses were detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…A previous study of viral ARI in children living in Fortaleza showed different findings for HPIV infections. First, the most prevalent subtype was HPIV-2, and second, the occurrence of HPIV-2 in one of the three years of the study was related to the rainy season [28]. Brazilian studies of viral ARI mention a possible interregional variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects

Fé¹,

Monteiro²,

Moura³

2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) are genetically and antigenically divided into types 1 to 4 [1]. HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 are major causes of acute respiratory infections (ARI), including lower respiratory tract infections, in infants and children. These three types of HPIV have been more extensively investigated than HPIV-4 [2-4]. All subtypes can cause a full spectrum of respiratory illness, including upper respiratory infections, croup, bronchiolitis and pneumonia [1,5]. Seasonal patterns of HPIV infections are distinct among the subtypes and geographic regions. In the USA, HPIV-2 can cause yearly outbreaks or biennial epidemics in cocirculation with HPIV-1 during the fall seasons, while HPIV-3 causes yearly spring and summer epidemics [5][6][7][8][9][10]. In England and Wales HPIV-3 causes yearly epidemics in the summer as shown [11]. In the northeast of England, a hospital-based study of the epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients over a six-year period showed that HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 epidemics occurred together, but only every 2 years [12]. In tropical countries, there have been fewer studies of HPIV and most of them do not demonstrate a seasonal pattern of HPIV infections [13,14].The purposes of the study were: (1) To determine the rate of HPIV infections among children attended at the Albert Sabin Children's Hospital (HIAS) over six consecutive years; (2) To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these infections; (3) To show the seasonal pattern of HPIV infections and its relation with the rainy season and with periods of activity of other respiratory viruses; and (4) To compare the clinical characteristics of parainfluenza infections with infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza and adenovirus. Material and Methods Site of StudyThis study was conducted at HIAS, a teaching hospital where care is provided to children from low income families living in Fortaleza and other cities in the state of Ceará. The city of Fortaleza is located at sea level, 4 o south of the equator and has a tropical climate characterized by two distinct seasons: the rainy season, that occurs in the first semester of each year, usually from January to June, and the dry season, during the rest of the year. The humidity is high (>70%), and there is little temperature variation throughout the year. During this study, the minimum and maximum daily temperatures in Fortaleza were 21.1 o C and 33.9 o C, respectively. Population of StudyThe patients included in this study were children and teenagers (0 to 16 years old) with acute respiratory symptoms. They were attended at the emergency department, outpatients' clinics and pediatric wards of HIAS from January 2000 to December 2006. Inclusion CriteriaPatients were included in the study if they had one or more of the following symptoms with or without fever (≥37.5 o C): cough, coryza, sore throat, earache, breathing difficulty, stridor and/or wheezing within seven days of onset. Epidemiological and Clinical DataThe guardians a...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

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Parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects

Fé¹,

Monteiro²,

Moura³

2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…This rate (7.1%) is similar to the rate (6%) in Southern Brazil described by Straliotto et al (2002). However, other studies carried out in Brazil reported prevalence rates that varied from a slightly higher rate (9.9%) for cases in the Northeast (de Arruda et al 1991), to a slightly lower rate (4.6%) in the Southeast (Vieira et al 2001) and a much lower rate (0.8%) in the South (Tsuchiya et al 2005).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Molecular characterization of adenoviruses from children presenting with acute respiratory disease in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and detection of an isolate genetically related to feline adenovirus

Luiz¹,

Leite

Yokosawa

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Moreover those infections showed a high case fatality rate of 25%. During the twelve months of study, Ad infections were observed year round without a clear seasonality as it was observed in other Brazilian cities and in other tropical countries (Arruda et al 1991, Nascimento et al 1991, Shek & Lee 2003, Tsuchiya et al 2005.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Antigenic and genomic characterization of adenovirus associated to respiratory infections in children living in Northeast Brazil

Moura¹,

Mesquita

Portes

et al. 2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Acute Respiratory Viral Infections in Ambulatory Children of Urban Northeast Brazil

Cited by 94 publications

References 24 publications

Parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects

Parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects

Molecular characterization of adenoviruses from children presenting with acute respiratory disease in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and detection of an isolate genetically related to feline adenovirus

Antigenic and genomic characterization of adenovirus associated to respiratory infections in children living in Northeast Brazil

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