Acute respiratory tract infections among Hajj medical mission personnel, Saudi Arabia

Al-Asmary, Saeed M.; Al-Shehri, Abdul-Salam A.; Abou‐Zeid, A. A.; Abdel-Fattah, Moataz M.; Hifnawy, Tamer; Elsaid, Tarek

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2006.04.008

Cited by 48 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Among the excluded articles, 19 were identified as not being RCT, however met other inclusion criteria . The level of evidence types consisted of seven level III‐2 studies (prospective/retrospective cohort, case control and quasi‐experimental) with the remaining studies being level III‐3 (retrospective cross‐sectional, cross‐sectional, historical observational).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of non‐pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the transmission of influenza in adults: A systematic review

et al. 2015

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During seasonal influenza epidemics and pandemics, virus transmission causes significant public health concern. Reduction of viral transmission by non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) has a significant appeal and is often recommended. However, the efficacy of such interventions is unclear. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify and evaluate the published literature on NPI efficacy to prevent human transmission of influenza virus in adults. Reviewers assessed the quality of eligible studies utilizing the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for bias and the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network for methodological quality. Studies were assessed for risk of bias domains of random sequence generation, allocation concealment, attribution bias, selective reporting and blinding. Relevant citations of 2247 were reduced to 100 for full-text evaluation. Only seven met all selection criteria and pooled analysis was not feasible. Of the seven studies, two were randomized controlled trials (RCT) and five were cluster RCT. The main NPI studied were disinfection and hygiene; barriers; and combined NPI. However, these seven RCT had significant design flaws. Only two studies used laboratory confirmed influenza and poor statistical power was a major problem. Positive significant interventions included professional oral hygiene intervention in the elderly and hand washing. Despite the potential for NPI in preventing influenza transmission, there is very limited data available. Hand washing and dental hygiene may be useful, but other interventions have not been fully assessed. Properly designed studies evaluating large populations including ‘at risk’ patients and in a variety of communities are needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of non‐pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the transmission of influenza in adults: A systematic review

et al. 2015

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“…21 The highest uptake was 92.8% observed by Al-Asmary et al among health care workers during Hajj in 2005. 24 Excluding these two studies (Elachola et al 21 and Al-Asmary et al 24 ), uptake rate among pilgrims has remained generally steady with gradual increase from 24% in 1999 to 64% in 2014 with minor fluctuations (Figure 2). Studies involving HCWs reported an uptake from 50% in 2009 to 92.8% in 2005.…”

Section: Uptake Of Facemaskmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…About 37% of the pooled samples were females, in individual studies the proportion of females ranged from 10% to 63%. Excluding three studies, which involved HCWs deployed at Hajj, [23][24][25] all other included studies involved Hajj pilgrims. The origin of the participants varied depending on the study, seven studies included multinational participants, while the other 18 were exclusive to participants from a single country of origin; seven out of 18 (38.9%) were from Saudi Arabia, 20,[23][24][25][26][27][28] According to study types 11 out of 25 were cohort studies, 1,2,22-24,28-33 another 11 cross-sectional studies, 21,[25][26][27][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] two trials (not necessarily RCTs) 18,20 and one case-series conducted as a qualitative study 41 (Table 1).…”

Section: General Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and effectiveness of facemask against respiratory infections at mass gatherings: a systematic review

Barasheed

Alfelali

Mushta

et al. 2016

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…In a study conducted among 250 personnel (25.6% of whom were physicians or nurses) serving at 2 Hajj mission hospitals during the 2004 season, a 22.6% attack rate of acute respiratory infections during and after the Hajj was observed with acute respiratory infections defined by the association of at least 1 constitutional symptom (fever, headaches, and myalgia) and at least 1 respiratory symptom. 12 In a study conducted among 120 HCWs from the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) and other Hajj medical missions during the 2009 season, 10.6% reported respiratory symptoms during the Hajj, and 12.5% were found infected by at least 1 virus post-Hajj comparing to 7.5% pre-Hajj using a PCR assay. 6 All positive cases were due to rhinovirus, but 1 post-Hajj case was due to coronavirus 229E.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition of respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens among health care workers during the 2015 Hajj season

Yezli

Alotaibi

Al-Abdely

et al. 2019

American Journal of Infection Control

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Background: Data on the risk of transmission of infection to health care workers (HCWs) serving ill pilgrims during the Hajj is scarce. Methods: Two cohorts of HCWs, the first serving Hajj pilgrims in Mecca and the second serving patients in Al-Ahsa, were investigated for respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and pathogen carriage using multiplex polymerase chain reaction before and after the 2015 Hajj. Results: A total of 211 HCWs were enrolled of whom 92 were exposed to pilgrims (Mecca cohort), whereas 119 were not exposed (Al-Ahsa cohort). Symptoms were observed only in HCWs from the Mecca cohort, with 29.3% experiencing respiratory symptoms during the Hajj period or in the subsequent days and 3.3% having gastrointestinal symptoms. Acquisition rates of at least 1 respiratory virus were 14.7% in the Mecca cohort and 3.4% in the Al-Ahsa cohort (P = .003). Acquisition rates of at least 1 respiratory bacterium were 11.8% and 18.6% in the Mecca and Al-Ahsa cohorts, respectively (P = .09). Gastrointestinal pathogens were rarely isolated in both cohorts of HCWs and acquisition of pathogens after the Hajj was documented in only a few individuals. Conclusions: HCWs providing care for pilgrims both acquire pathogens and present symptoms (especially respiratory symptoms) more frequently than those not working during Hajj.

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Acute respiratory tract infections among Hajj medical mission personnel, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 48 publications

References 5 publications

Use of non‐pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the transmission of influenza in adults: A systematic review

Use of non‐pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the transmission of influenza in adults: A systematic review

Uptake and effectiveness of facemask against respiratory infections at mass gatherings: a systematic review

Acquisition of respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens among health care workers during the 2015 Hajj season

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