Acute Respiratory Responses of Human Subjects to Air Quality in a Swine Building

Zhang, Y.; Tanaka, Atsuko; Dosman, James A.; Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan; Barber, E. M.; Kirychuk, Shelley; Holfeld, L.E.; Hurst, Tom

doi:10.1006/jaer.1998.0289

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…Ammonia emission was observed to be 20 and 23% lower (p<0.05) in B8 in trials 1 and 2. This result corresponded to Zhang et al (1997) who reported 30% less NH 3 by canola oil sprinkling. Although the 20 to 23% difference was significant, further studies with replicated treatments should be conducted to confirm this effect.…”

Section: Effect Of Soybean Oil Sprinklingsupporting

confidence: 83%

Control of Air Emissions From Swine Finishing Buildings Flushed With Recycled Lagoon Effluent

Heber

Lim

Pei

et al. 2004

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of 1) soybean oil sprinkling (SOS), 2) misting of essential oils (MEO), and 3) misting of essential oils and water (MEOW) on ammonia (NH 3), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), non-methane hydrocarbons (NHC), total suspended particulate (TSP), particulate matter less than ten microns diameter (PM 10), and odor. Baseline emissions of each variable are also presented. Measurements recorded at 1-min intervals were taken from 8/27/02 to 7/21/03 at two fan-ventilated swine finishing barns that were flushed daily with lagoon effluent. TSP and PM 10 were monitored with real-time PM monitors. Gas concentrations were measured with one set of analyzers by time-sharing between both barns and ambient air. The tests consisted of four trials over three pig groups or cycles: SOS in the first and second cycles, MEO in the second cycle, and MEOW in the third cycle. The treated barn with SOS resulted in 40% less NH 3 , 60-63% less TSP, 68-70% less PM 10 , and in one trial, 30% less odor than the control barn. MEO and MEOW slightly improved hedonic tone of barn air. The mean concentration and emissions were: 1) 18 ppm (n=132) and 55 g/d-AU (n=125, AU=animal unit=500 kg) for NH 3 , 2) 98 ppb (n=153) and 0.72 g/d-AU (n=129) for H 2 S, 3) 259 ppb (n=98) and 3.3 g/d-AU (n=92) for NHC, 4) 1424 µg/m 3 (n=73) and 6.07 g/d-AU (n=70) for TSP, 5) 334µg/m 3 (n=83) and 1.6 g/d-AU (n=75) for PM 10. The mean odor concentration and emission were 519 OU/m 3 (508 OU E /m 3) and 23.5 OU/s-AU (n=21). Odor, H 2 S and NH 3 increased when flushing pits with effluent.

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Section: Effect Of Soybean Oil Sprinklingsupporting

confidence: 83%

Control of Air Emissions From Swine Finishing Buildings Flushed With Recycled Lagoon Effluent

Heber

Lim

Pei

et al. 2004

2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004

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“…However, it is unlikely that the endotoxin levels experienced by the subjects in this study are wholly responsible for these self-reported symptoms. The levels of endotoxin to which the subjects were exposed in the chamber were orders of magnitude lower than levels inside swine buildings (e.g., 3,984 EU/m 3 reported by Zhang et al 1998). Furthermore, the levels used in the experimental condition are far lower than ambient air endotoxin in office buildings (0.25–0.4 μg/m 3 ) that have been associated with health complaints (Teeuw et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Symptomatic Effects of Exposure to Diluted Air Sampled from a Swine Confinement Atmosphere on Healthy Human Subjects

Schiffman¹,

Studwell²,

Landerman³

et al. 2005

Environ Health Perspect

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Aerial emissions from a swine house at North Carolina State University’s field laboratory were diluted to a level that could occur at varying distances downwind from a confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) both within and beyond the property line, and these emissions were delivered to an environmental exposure chamber. The study design consisted of two 1-hr sessions, one in which 48 healthy human adult volunteers were exposed to diluted swine air and another in which they were exposed to clean air (control). Objective measures of blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, lung function, nasal inflammation, secretory immunity, mood, attention, and memory were correlated with objective measures of air quality. Ratings of perceived (self-reported) health symptoms were also obtained. The mean levels of airborne constituents in the swine air condition were hydrogen sulfide (24 ppb), ammonia (817 ppb), total suspended particulates (0.0241 mg/m3), endotoxin (7.40 endotoxin units/m3), and odor (57 times above odor threshold). No statistical differences on objective measures of physical symptoms, mood, or attention resulted from the 1-hr exposure to swine emissions in the environmental chamber when compared with clean air for healthy human volunteers. However, subjects were 4.1 (p = 0.001) times more likely to report headaches, 6.1 (p = 0.004) times more likely to report eye irritation, and 7.8 (p = 0.014) times more likely to report nausea in the swine air (experimental) condition than in the control condition. These results indicate that short-term exposure in an environmental chamber to malodorous emissions from a swine house at levels expected downwind can induce clinically important symptoms in healthy human volunteers.

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“…The livestock sector through livestock management is a potential source of emissions that affects the health of the farm staff, of the animals and of the communities in the region surrounding the farm [1]. Although the number of animals can regionally decrease, the fast population growth as well as the increasing consumption of milk and meat globally, will certainly lead to an increase in gaseous emissions from the agricultural sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of Greenhouse Gases From the Livestock Sector

Danciulescu¹,

Bucur²,

Bratu³

et al. 2016

Simi 2016

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In the livestock sector, the livestock activity involves also an air pollution with greenhouse gases, the main pollutants being methane, carbon dioxide and nitrogen protoxide. Depending on the farming system, the animal breed, the food supplied to the animals, and the manure management, various concentrations of gases with greenhouse effect may appear in the gaseous emissions. Emissions of gaseous pollutants from buildings where the animals are kept can pollute the atmosphere and can also affect the health of the farm workers. The natural ventilation of the stables has a major influence on the difficulty of determining the pollutant concentrations in the gaseous emissions, due to the inhomogeneity of the gas flow and the large variations in the pollutant concentrations at different points that are caused by the speed of the air movement through the venting holes and pollutant dispersion inside the building. This study presents the results obtained in a series of measurements of the levels of greenhouse gases at a dairy farm stable with natural ventilation. The equipment used for measurement was a portable gas chromatograph, Varian CP 4900. During the measurements, all the animals have been in the stable (they have not been taken to the pasture during that time).

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Acute Respiratory Responses of Human Subjects to Air Quality in a Swine Building

Cited by 30 publications

References 1 publication

Control of Air Emissions From Swine Finishing Buildings Flushed With Recycled Lagoon Effluent

Control of Air Emissions From Swine Finishing Buildings Flushed With Recycled Lagoon Effluent

Symptomatic Effects of Exposure to Diluted Air Sampled from a Swine Confinement Atmosphere on Healthy Human Subjects

Emissions of Greenhouse Gases From the Livestock Sector

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