Acute respiratory infections among returning Hajj pilgrims—Jordan, 2014

Alabdallat, Mohammad; Rha, Brian; Alqasrawi, Sultan; Payne, Daniel C.; Iblan, Ibrahim; Binder, Alison M.; Haddadin, Aktham; Nsour, Mohannad Al; Alsanouri, Tarek; Mofleh, Jawad; Whitaker, Brett; Lindstrom, Stephen; Tong, Suxiang; Ali, Sami Sheikh; Dahl, Rebecca; Berman, LaShondra; Zhang, Jing; Erdman, Dean D.; Gerber, Susan I.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2017.01.010

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Specifically, the several studies from Saudi Arabia, China, France, Egypt, India, Jordan, Ghana, Iran, and the UK have reported higher prevalence of flu (1.3%‐20.7%) among pilgrims compared with other viruses with flu A being more common (0.6%‐13.9%) than flu B (0.8%‐6.8%) . They also showed high rates of hAdvs (0.8%‐23.7%), hRVs (5.9%‐16.8%), non‐MERS hCoVs (0.4%‐12.8%), hPIVs (0.8%‐7.4%), hRSVs (0.2%‐7.4%), and EVs (2.0%) . In contrast, our current study showed flu A as the most predominant virus among symptomatic pilgrims in 2014 Hajj (27.8%) followed by non‐MERS hCoVs (25.7%), hRVs (16.5%), flu B (13.4%), EVs (5.2%), hAdvs (5.1%), hRSVs (4.1%), and hPIVs (2.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MERS‐CoV, influenza and other respiratory viruses among symptomatic pilgrims during 2014 Hajj season

Hashem

Alsubhi

Badroon

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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More than two million Muslims visit Makkah, Saudi Arabia, annually to perform the religious rituals of Hajj where the risk of spreading respiratory infections is very common. The aim here was to screen symptomatic pilgrims for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) and other viral etiologies. Thus, 132 nasopharyngeal samples were collected from pilgrims presenting with acute respiratory symptoms at the healthcare facilities in the holy sites during the 5 days of the 2014 Hajj season. Samples were tested using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions and microarray. Demographic data including age, sex, and country of origin were obtained for all participants. While we did not detect MERS‐CoV in any of the samples, several other viruses were detected in 50.8% of the cases. Among the detected viruses, 64.2% of the cases were due to a single‐virus infection and 35.8% were due to the coinfections with up to four viruses. The most common respiratory virus was influenza A, followed by non‐MERS human coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, and influenza B. Together, we found that it was not MERS‐CoV but other respiratory viruses that caused acute respiratory symptoms among pilgrims. The observed high prevalence of influenza viruses underscores the need for more effective surveillance during the Hajj and adoption of stringent vaccination requirements from all pilgrims.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MERS‐CoV, influenza and other respiratory viruses among symptomatic pilgrims during 2014 Hajj season

Hashem

Alsubhi

Badroon

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Included studies that used PCR methods for the detection of the respiratory viruses are summarized in Table 1 [15,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]54]. The overall analysis of these studies shows the most common viruses detected among pilgrims ( Fig.…”

Section: Studies Based On Polymerase Chain Reaction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the 2012 Hajj season started few weeks after the first case of MERS-CoV infection was reported, there were no reported cases among pilgrims in 2012 [5,25,32]. Systematic screening of pilgrims for MERS-CoV was done in multiple studies among > 10,000 pilgrims [5,14,29,31,35,[37][38][39]41,42,54,[59][60][61][62][63] (Table 5).…”

Section: Systematic Screening For Mers-cov Among Attendees Of the Annmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of emerging respiratory viruses at the Hajj and possible coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Al‐Tawfiq

Benkouiten

Memish

2018

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…It was estimated that 6.2 pilgrims may develop MERS-CoV symptoms during the Hajj, and 4 pilgrims may become infected and return home before symptoms development [67]. However, systematic screening of pilgrims for MERS-CoV showed no positive cases [59,65,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]. Systematic surveillance of returning Pilgrims was done in several studies in Egypt, Iran, France, Ghana, Iran and Saudi Arabia [64,68,71,72].…”

Section: Role Of Asymptomatic Individuals In Mers-cov Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: Extent and implications for infection control: A systematic review

Al‐Tawfiq

Gautret

2019

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

101

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Background: The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012 and attracted an international attention as the virus caused multiple healthcare associated outbreaks. There are reports of the role of asymptomatic individuals in the transmission of MERS-CoV, however, the exact role is not known. Method: The MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant papers published till August 2018 describing asymptomatic MERS-CoV infection.Results: A total of 10 papers were retrieved and included in the final analysis and review. The extent of asymptomatic MERS infection had increased with change in the policy of testing asymptomatic contacts. In early cases in April 2012-October 2013, 12.5% were asymptomatic among 144 PCR laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases while in 2014 the proportion rose to 25.1% among 255 confirmed cases. The proportion of asymptomatic cases reported among pediatric confirmed MERS-CoV cases were higher (41.9%-81.8%). Overall, the detection rate of MERS infection among asymptomatic contacts was 1-3.9% in studies included in this review. Asymptomatic individuals were less likely to have underlying condition compared to fatal cases. Of particular interest is that most of the identified pediatric cases were asymptomatic with no clear explanation.Conclusions: The proportion of asymptomatic MERS cases were detected with increasing frequency as the disease progressed overtime. Those patients were less likely to have comorbid disease and may contribute to the transmission of the virus. * Corresponding author.

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Acute respiratory infections among returning Hajj pilgrims—Jordan, 2014

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

MERS‐CoV, influenza and other respiratory viruses among symptomatic pilgrims during 2014 Hajj season

MERS‐CoV, influenza and other respiratory viruses among symptomatic pilgrims during 2014 Hajj season

A systematic review of emerging respiratory viruses at the Hajj and possible coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Asymptomatic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: Extent and implications for infection control: A systematic review

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