Acute respiratory infection in children from developing nations: a multi-level study

Pinzón-Rondón, Ángela María; Aguilera-Otalvaro, Paula Andrea; Zárate-Ardila, Carol; Hoyos-Martínez, Alfonso

doi:10.1080/20469047.2015.1109252

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Risk factors associated with virus-bacteria codetections are similar to those observed for ARI elsewhere [22]. A study of 3181 hospitalized children with ARI in China found those aged 1 to 4 years and boys were more likely to have virus-bacteria codetection [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Prevalence, codetection and seasonal distribution of upper airway viruses and bacteria in children with acute respiratory illnesses with cough as a symptom

O'Grady

Grimwood

Sloots

et al. 2016

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Most studies exploring the role of upper airway viruses and bacteria in paediatric acute respiratory infections (ARI) focus on specific clinical diagnoses and/or do not account for virus-bacteria interactions. We aimed to describe the frequency and predictors of virus and bacteria codetection in children with ARI and cough, irrespective of clinical diagnosis. Bilateral nasal swabs, demographic, clinical and risk factor data were collected at enrollment in children aged <15 years presenting to an emergency department with an ARI and where cough was a symptom. Swabs were tested by polymerase chain reaction for 17 respiratory viruses and seven respiratory bacteria. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations between child characteristics and codetection of the organisms of interest. Between December 2011 and August 2014, swabs were collected from 817 (93.3%) of 876 enrolled children, median age 27.7 months (interquartile range 13.9-60.3 months). Overall, 740 (90.6%) of 817 specimens were positive for any organism. Both viruses and bacteria were detected in 423 specimens (51.8%). Factors associated with codetection were age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for age <12 months = 4.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0, 7.9; age 12 to <24 months = 6.0, 95% CI 3.7, 9.8; age 24 to <60 months = 2.4, 95% CI 1.5, 3.9), male gender (aOR 1.46; 95% CI 1.1, 2.0), child care attendance (aOR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4, 2.8) and winter enrollment (aOR 2.0; 95% CI 1.3, 3.0). Haemophilus influenzae dominated the virus-bacteria pairs. Virus-H. influenzae interactions in ARI should be investigated further, especially as the contribution of nontypeable H. influenzae to acute and chronic respiratory diseases is being increasingly recognized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Prevalence, codetection and seasonal distribution of upper airway viruses and bacteria in children with acute respiratory illnesses with cough as a symptom

O'Grady

Grimwood

Sloots

et al. 2016

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…The probable justification for the greater ARI symptoms proportion for rural children may be due to lack of access to medical care, low socio-economic standards in rural regions [47] and most risk factors for ARI prevail in rural setup [48]. However, in other studies [23,49], the residence was not significantly associated and Kumar et' al reported urban residence to be a risk factor for ARI [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute respiratory infection and its associated factors among children under-five years attending pediatrics ward at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: institution-based cross-sectional study

Andualem

Taddese

2020

BMC Pediatr

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Background: Acute respiratory infection is manifested by cough accompanied by short rapid breathing which may be associated with death especially when there are other co-morbidities. From an estimated 5.4 million children under -five years that died in 2017-roughly half of those deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and acute respiratory infection contributed to the highest number of deaths. The current study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, acute respiratory infection hospitalization in under-five years children hospitalized at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out from May 01/2019 to July 10/2019. After the selection of participants using simple random sampling, face to face interview was performed using a semistructured pre-tested questionnaire. Data were also extracted from medical registration charts. We used EPI Info 7 for data entry and exported into SPSS 21 for analysis. Results were presented by simple frequency, percentage and mean for descriptive variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of covariates and outcome variable. Variables with a p < 0.2 during the bivariable binary logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Variables with p < 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with acute respiratory infection. This study is reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline. (Continued on next page)Results: Four hundred and twenty-two under-five years' children attending the Pediatrics ward were included in this study. The prevalence of acute respiratory infection among under-five years' children in this study was 27.3%. Children aged below 12 months (AOR:3.39, 95% CI: 1. 19, 9.65), maternal age of 16 to 27 years (AOR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.70), maternal age of 28 to 33 years (AOR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.40, 5.34), lack of maternal awareness of handwashing (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.15, 6.76), rural residence (AOR:2.27, 95% CI: 1.18, 4.39), and lack of meningitis (AOR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.55), were significantly associated with acute respiratory infection. Conclusion: Acute respiratory infection was common among children under-five years. Child and maternal age, residence and maternal hand hygiene information were significant factors identified to be associated with an acute respiratory infection.

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“…Studies have documented the existence of social inequalities in child respiratory health . For instance, Canadian studies found that low‐income children with asthma have poor health care use, limited or no medication adherence, and high risk of hospitalisation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health gradients in emergency visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases: A population‐based retrospective cohort study

Belon

Serrano-Lomelin

Nykiforuk

et al. 2020

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Background Socio‐economically deprived children face a disproportionate burden of respiratory diseases. The association between area‐level material and social deprivation and emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases has not been explored. Objectives We evaluated health inequalities in emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases according to material and social deprivation indexes. Methods This population‐based retrospective cohort study deterministically linked birth, ED visits and hospitalisation data, and census‐based, area‐level deprivation indexes for all singleton children born in the province of Alberta, Canada, between 2005 and 2010 who had at least one recorded ED visit or hospitalisation for respiratory diseases in their first five years of life. We classified ED visits and hospitalisations for seven respiratory diseases by deprivation indexes. Concentration indexes (CInd) and area‐level concentration curves measured health gradients across deprivation groups. Rate ratios (RR) evaluated associations between deprivation indexes and respiratory episodes of care. Results The study cohort included 198 572 newborns. The highest CInd were found in ED visits for other acute lower respiratory tract infections (oLRTI; CInd −0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.32, −0.12) and bronchiolitis (CInd −0.21, 95% CI −0.29, −0.12), and for pneumonia hospitalisations (CInd −0.23, 95% CI −0.33, −0.13). Croup ED visits had a low inequality degree. Compared to social deprivation, the material deprivation index presented a more consistent health gradient of increased episodes of care with increasing deprivation. oLRTI ED visits (RR 2.60, 95% CI 2.34, 2.92) and pneumonia hospitalisations (RR 2.57, 95% CI 2.31, 2.86) presented the largest inequalities between the least and most materially deprived groups. Conclusions We found a concentration of ED visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases in the most deprived groups. However, health inequalities are present across the material and social deprivation spectrum. Compared to the social deprivation index, the material index presented clearer paediatric respiratory health gradients.

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Acute respiratory infection in children from developing nations: a multi-level study

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence, codetection and seasonal distribution of upper airway viruses and bacteria in children with acute respiratory illnesses with cough as a symptom

Prevalence, codetection and seasonal distribution of upper airway viruses and bacteria in children with acute respiratory illnesses with cough as a symptom

Acute respiratory infection and its associated factors among children under-five years attending pediatrics ward at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: institution-based cross-sectional study

Health gradients in emergency visits and hospitalisations for paediatric respiratory diseases: A population‐based retrospective cohort study

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