Acute respiratory health effects of air pollution on children with asthma in US inner cities

O’Connor, George T.; Neas, Lucas M.; Vaughn, Ben; Kattan, Meyer; Mitchell, Herman; Crain, Ellen F.; Evans, Richard; Gruchalla, Rebecca S.; Morgan, Wayne J.; Stout, James M.; Adams, G. K.; Lippmann, Morton

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.02.020

Cited by 215 publications

(126 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, a 10-μg/m 3 increase in PM 10 led to a 12% (95% CI, 4-22%) increase in severe asthma symptoms in Seattle children [50]. A study of inner-city asthmatic children revealed an association between PM 2.5 increases and missed school days for asthma [51]. A study of adult Parisians [52] showed a 41% (95% CI, 16-71%) increase in acute asthma exacerbations per 10-μg/m 3 increase in PM 10 .…”

Section: Respiratory Symptoms and Medication Usagementioning

confidence: 98%

Clearing the Air: A Review of the Effects of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Human Health

2011

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The World Health Organization estimates that particulate matter (PM) air pollution contributes to approximately 800,000 premature deaths each year, ranking it the 13th leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, many studies show that the relationship is deeper and far more complicated than originally thought. PM is a portion of air pollution that is made up of extremely small particles and liquid droplets containing acids, organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles. PM is categorized by size and continues to be the fraction of air pollution that is most reliably associated with human disease. PM is thought to contribute to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease by the mechanisms of systemic inflammation, direct and indirect coagulation activation, and direct translocation into systemic circulation. The data demonstrating PM's effect on the cardiovascular system are strong. Populations subjected to long-term exposure to PM have a significantly higher cardiovascular incident and mortality rate. Short-term acute exposures subtly increase the rate of cardiovascular events within days of a pollution spike. The data are not as strong for PM's effects on cerebrovascular disease, though some data and similar mechanisms suggest a lesser result with smaller amplitude. Respiratory diseases are also exacerbated by exposure to PM. PM causes respiratory morbidity and mortality by creating oxidative stress and inflammation that leads to pulmonary anatomic and physiologic remodeling. The literature shows PM causes worsening respiratory symptoms, more frequent medication use, decreased lung function, recurrent health care utilization, and increased mortality. PM exposure has been shown to have a small but significant adverse effect on cardiovascular, respiratory, and to a lesser extent, cerebrovascular disease. These consistent results are shown by multiple studies with varying populations, protocols, and regions. The data demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between PM and human disease, and that removal from a PM-rich environment decreases the prevalence of these diseases. While further study is needed to elucidate the effects of composition, chemistry, and the PM effect on susceptible populations, the preponderance of data shows that PM exposure causes a small but significant increase in human morbidity and mortality. Most sources agree on certain "common sense" recommendations, although there are lonely limited data to support them. Indoor PM exposure can be reduced by the usage of air conditioning and particulate filters, decreasing indoor combustion for heating and cooking, and smoking cessation. Susceptible populations, such as the elderly or asthmatics, may benefit from limiting their outdoor activity during peak traffic periods or poor air quality days. These simple changes may benefit individual patients in both short-term symptomatic control and long-term cardiovascular and respiratory complications.

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Section: Respiratory Symptoms and Medication Usagementioning

confidence: 98%

Clearing the Air: A Review of the Effects of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Human Health

2011

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“…A PubMed search identified 11 new articles: 6 from the Americas (Sarnat et al, 2012;O'Connor et al, 2008;Escamilla-Nuñez et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2009;Castro et al, 2009;Dales et al, 2009), 2 from Europe (Andersen et al, 2008b;Coneus & Spiess, 2012), and 3 from Asia (Min et al, 2008;Yamazaki et al, 2011;Ma et al, 2008). All, except two, studies investigated school-aged asthmatic and/or symptomatic children, while the remaining two considered infants and toddlers (Andersen et al 2008b;Coneus & Spiess, 2012).…”

Section: Panel Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All, except two, studies investigated school-aged asthmatic and/or symptomatic children, while the remaining two considered infants and toddlers (Andersen et al 2008b;Coneus & Spiess, 2012). Most of the studies observed positive associations between short-term exposure to NO 2 (or nitrogen oxides) for different lags and respiratory symptoms, such as coughing and wheezing (O'Connor et al, 2008;Escamilla-Nuñez et al, 2008;Andersen et al, 2008b), as well as for exhaled nitric oxide (Sarnat et al, 2012) and also for pulmonary function decrease (O'Connor et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2009;Castro et al, 2009;Dales et al 2009;Min et al, 2008;Yamazaki et al, 2011;Ma et al, 2008) in children, although not all of them were statistically significant (Dales et al, 2009). One article reported numerical data only for PM (Min et al, 2008).…”

Section: Panel Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The largest of these studies included 861 children with asthma from seven inner-city communities in the United States (O'Connor et al, 2008). A difference of 20 ppb in the 5-day average concentrations of NO 2 was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.05-1.44), for having a peak expiratory flow less than 90% of personal best.…”

Section: Panel Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Broome¹,

Johnston

Horsley

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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This document presents answers to 24 questions relevant to reviewing European policies on air pollution and to addressing health aspects of these policies. The answers were developed by a large group of scientists engaged in the WHO project "Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution -REVIHAAP". The experts reviewed and discussed the newly accumulated scientific evidence on the adverse effects on health of air pollution, formulating science-based answers to the 24 questions. Extensive rationales for the answers, including the list of key references, are provided. The review concludes that a considerable amount of new scientific information on the adverse effects on health of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, observed at levels commonly present in Europe, has been published in recent years. This new evidence supports the scientific conclusions of the WHO air quality guidelines, last updated in 2005, and indicates that the effects in some cases occur at air pollution concentrations lower than those serving to establish these guidelines. It also provides scientific arguments for taking decisive actions to improve air quality and reduce the burden of disease associated with air pollution in Europe.This publication arises from the project REVIHAAP and has been co-funded by the European Union. Keywords AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION -ADVERSE EFFECTS ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE GUIDELINES HEALTH POLICYAddress requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2013All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. ...

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“…But aerosols also have a negative effect: they cause more people to suffer from lung and other respiratory diseases. The literature on the effects of air pollution on health has been evaluated by the WHO (2000WHO ( , 2006, and there is little doubt that a significant link exists between short-term exposure to sulphur dioxide and asthma (Bates et al, 1990;Galán et al, 2003;O'Connor et al, 2008). More aerosol emissions thus cause more people to be ill, and all such aerosolinduced diseases are labeled 'asthma' in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Climate Change, Economic Growth, and Health

2010

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Abstract: This paper studies the interplay between climate, health, and the economy in a stylized world with four heterogeneous regions, labeled 'West' (cold and rich), 'China' (cold and poor), 'India' (warm and poor), and 'Africa' (warm and very poor). We introduce health impacts into a simple integrated assessment model where both the local cooling effect of aerosols as well as the global warming effect of CO2 are endogenous, and investigate how those factors affect the equilibrium path. We show how some of the important aspects of the equilibrium, including emission abatement rates, health costs, and economic growth, depend on the economic and geographical characteristics of each region. Terms of use: Documents inJEL Classification: D91, I18, Q54, Q58

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Acute respiratory health effects of air pollution on children with asthma in US inner cities

Abstract: Morton, "Acute respiratory health effects of air pollution on children with asthma in US inner cities" (2008). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Papers. 12.

Cited by 215 publications

References 43 publications

Clearing the Air: A Review of the Effects of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Human Health

Clearing the Air: A Review of the Effects of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Human Health

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Climate Change, Economic Growth, and Health

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