Acute renal and hepatic effects induced by 3‐haloanilines in the fischer 344 rat

Rankin, Gary O.; Valentovic, Monica; Nicoll, Derek W.; Ball, John G.; Anestis, Dianne K.; Brown, Patrick I.; Hubbard, John L.

doi:10.1002/jat.2550150214

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The various 3-haloanilines (iodo, bromo, chloro, and fluoro) had different orders of nephrotoxic potential in vivo and in vitro for unknown reasons. They were not potent nephro-or hepatotoxicants at sublethal doses (182). Tests of possible phenolic metabolites of 3-chloroaniline did not show hepatotoxicity, but 4-amino-2-chlorophenol retained nephrotoxic activity at the highest dose level tested (183).…”

Section: Toxic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

Bingham¹,

McGowan²

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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Logically, aromatic nitro and amino compounds should be discussed together because their toxic responses are often similar due to a common metabolic intermediate. Synthetically, amines are generally derived from nitro compounds, but in some cases nitro compounds can be prepared through amines when other methods fail to afford specific compounds. There are good and bad attributes to these types of compounds. Some act as sensitizers and contingent on physical properties may be absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes. They may also cause methemoglobinemia, depending on such factors as the structure and the particular organism. Some members of this class are known as animal and human carcinogens; for humans, the urinary bladder is the most prominent target organ. Nevertheless, these compounds and their derivatives have enlivened our world through their use as dyestuff intermediates or as photographic chemicals, they alleviate pain as components of widely used analgesics, and they cushion or insulate us through their use in flexible and rigid foams. Other important uses include production of pesticides, including herbicides and fungicides, as ingredients in adhesives, paints and coatings, antioxidants, explosives, optical brighteners, rubber ingredients, and as intermediates in many other products.

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Section: Toxic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

Bingham¹,

McGowan²

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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“…5 In addition, haloanilines can be formed and exposed during the metabolism of compounds in mammals 6 or by the degradation of pesticides in the environment. 7 The acute toxicity induced by haloanilines is the same as that from aniline, and includes methaemoglobinaemia, [8][9][10] anaemia, 8,10 splenotoxicity, 8,10 nephrotoxicity, [11][12][13][14] and hepatotoxicity. 14 Aniline intoxication in humans caused neurological symptoms such as headache, lightheadedness, ataxia and weakness, 15,16 and these have been interpreted as secondary effects associated with anoxia resulting from methaemoglobinaemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of neurotoxicity after a single oral dose of 4‐bromo‐, 4‐chloro‐, 4‐fluoro‐ or 4‐iodoaniline in rats

Okazaki

Yamashita

Ishii

et al. 2003

J of Applied Toxicology

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The potential for neurotoxicity after a single oral dose of four halogenated aniline derivatives--4-bromoaniline (4-BA), 4-chloroaniline (4-CA), 4- fluoroaniline (4-FA) and 4-iodoaniline (4-IA)--was given to rats was investigated at or near the lethal dosage level. Hindlimb paralysis was found in the 4-BA, 4-CA and 4-FA groups on clinical observation, with the maximum incidence of 100% in the 4-BA and 4-FA groups and 66.7% in the 4-CA group. Detailed clinical observations with functional tests identified the following effects: reduced response of hindlimb extensor thrust, gait abnormality in the open field and decreased grip strength in the fore- or hindlimbs in the 4-BA, 4-CA and 4-FA groups; decreased number of supported rearing episodes in the open field in the 4-BA and 4-CA groups; abnormal landing in the aerial righting reflex in the 4-BA and 4-FA groups; and prolonged surface righting reflex in the 4-BA group. Spongy change in the white matter of the spinal cord and brainstem and nerve fibre degeneration in the peripheral nerves were found in all haloaniline-treated groups. The central and peripheral nervous systems were most severely affected in the 4-BA group and the lesions in the 4-IA group were limited in grade. This study demonstrates that a bolus dose of 4-haloanilines to rats induces a neurotoxicity similar in character to that evoked by the parent aniline. The decreasing order of neurotoxic potential appears to be 4-BA >> 4-FA > or = 4-CA >> 4-IA when comparing at or near the lethal dosage level.

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Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

Johnson¹

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Aromatic nitro and amino compounds have various commercial, governmental, and public applications. Their uses include manufacturing of dyes, pesticides, drugs, and explosives. These substances are typically considered high‐nitrogen compounds and as such share many of the same chemical and biological properties. Many have amines and/or nitrate groups on the ring and because of this exhibit properties where they are not highly water or lipid soluble and many tend to form crystals. When released to the environment, nitrate‐containing moieties are often reduced to amines by bacteria in wet soils and sediments. Acute effects typically target the nervous system; however, sublethal effects from repetitive exposures include anemia, methemoglobinemia, and often male reproductive effects. Cyanosis has been described from relatively high repetitive exposures. Oral exposures can affect the liver. Many are absorbed through the skin where dermal exposures can significantly contribute to systemic dose. Skin sensitization and irritation have been observed from exposure to some compounds. Many are eliminated via the urine; however, conjugated metabolites can be eliminated via the feces. Nitroso metabolites are suspected as having influence in observation of cancer, particularly in the bladder. Other similar nitramine compounds are also briefly described.

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Acute renal and hepatic effects induced by 3‐haloanilines in the fischer 344 rat

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

Potential of neurotoxicity after a single oral dose of 4‐bromo‐, 4‐chloro‐, 4‐fluoro‐ or 4‐iodoaniline in rats

Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

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