Acute regulation of IGF-I by alterations in post-exercise macronutrients

Foster, Ernest B.; Fisher, Gordon; Sartin, James L.; Elsasser, Theodore H.; Wu, Guoyao; Cowan, Wendy; Pascoe, David D.

doi:10.1007/s00726-011-0837-y

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Foster et al [29] reported that acute aerobic exercise increases IGFBP-1 concentration in young men, and that this is partially reduced by post-exercise carbohydrate consumption with a corresponding increase in circulating insulin level; however, the effect of exercise on diet-induced changes in IGFBP-1 was not studied as in the present report. Ngo et al [28] reported that 11 days of daily aerobic exercise with a low fat (<10%) and high carbohydrate 70–75%) diet increased serum IGFBP-1 concentrations by 53%.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Two previous studies reported the effect of combined diet and exercise on IGFBP-1 concentrations [28,29]. Foster et al [29] reported that acute aerobic exercise increases IGFBP-1 concentration in young men, and that this is partially reduced by post-exercise carbohydrate consumption with a corresponding increase in circulating insulin level; however, the effect of exercise on diet-induced changes in IGFBP-1 was not studied as in the present report.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Aerobic exercise training increases circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein–1 concentration, but does not attenuate the reduction in circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein–1 after a high-fat meal

Prior¹,

Jenkins²,

Brandauer³

et al. 2012

Metabolism

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Rationale Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) has metabolic effects throughout the body and its expression is regulated in part by insulin. Circulating IGFBP-1 predicts development of cardiometabolic diseases in longitudinal studies and low IGFBP-1 concentrations are associated with insulin resistance and consumption of a high-fat diet. Because of the favorable metabolic effects of regular aerobic exercise, we hypothesized that aerobic exercise training would increase plasma IGFBP-1 concentrations and attenuate the reduction in IGFBP-1 after a high-fat meal. Methods Ten overweight (BMI=28.7±0.9kg/m2), older (61±2yr) men and women underwent high-fat feeding and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) at baseline and after 6 months of aerobic exercise training. Results In response to aerobic exercise training, subjects increased cardiorespiratory fitness 13% (p<0.05) and insulin sensitivity index 28% (p<0.05). Basal plasma concentrations of IGFBP-1 increased 41% after aerobic exercise training (p<0.05). The insulin response to an OGTT was a significant predictor of fasting plasma IGFBP-1 concentrations at baseline and after exercise training (p=0.02). In response to the high-fat meal at baseline, plasma IGFBP-1 concentrations decreased 58% (p<0.001); a 61% decrease to similar postprandial concentrations was observed after exercise training (p<0.001). Plasma insulin response to the high-fat meal was inversely associated with postprandial IGFBP-1 concentrations at baseline and after exercise training (p=0.06 and p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion While aerobic exercise training did not attenuate the response to a high-fat meal, the increase in IGFBP-1 concentrations after exercise training may be one mechanism by which exercise reduces risk for cardiometabolic diseases in older adults.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Aerobic exercise training increases circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein–1 concentration, but does not attenuate the reduction in circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein–1 after a high-fat meal

Prior¹,

Jenkins²,

Brandauer³

et al. 2012

Metabolism

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“…In contrast to measuring total serum IGF-1 levels, we utilized a commercial IGF-1 ELISA kit from R&D Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA) to determine the free serum IGF-1 concentrations, which represent the “bioavailable” portion of the circulating IGF-1 pool [16]. Serum concentrations of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, insulin, and corticosterone were also determined by ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Takenaka et al [15] reported that dietary restriction of signal essential amino acid (EAA) decreased IGF-1 production, suggesting that adequate EAA in diet might be required for the IGF-1 synthesis. A recent study regarding acute regulation of the IGF-1 system by macronutrients further demonstrated that EAA/carbohydrate mixture ingestion following high-intensity exercise promoted a significant increase in circulating free IGF-1 levels [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Amino Acid Enriched High-Protein Enteral Nutrition Modulates Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 System Function in a Rat Model of Trauma-Hemorrhagic Shock

Xia

Wang

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundNutrition support for critically ill patients supplemented with additional modular protein may promote skeletal muscle protein anabolism in addition to counteracting acute nitrogen loss. The present study was designed to investigate whether the essential amino acid (EAA) enriched high-protein enteral nutrition (EN) modulates the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) system and activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) anabolic signaling pathway in a trauma-hemorrhagic shock (T-HS) rat model.Methodology/Principal FindingsMale Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 90, 278.18±0.94 g) were randomly assigned to 5 groups: (1) normal control, (2) pair-fed, (3) T-HS, (4) T-HS and standard EN, and (5) T-HS and EAA enriched high-protein EN. Six animals from each group were harvested on days 2, 4, and 6 for serum, gastrocnemius, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus sample collection. T-HS significantly reduced muscle mass. Nutrition support maintained muscle mass, especially the EAA enriched high-protein EN. Meanwhile, a pronounced derangement in IGF-1-IGFBPs axis as well as impaired mTOR transduction was observed in the T-HS group. Compared with animals receiving standard EN, those receiving EAA enriched high-protein EN presented 18% higher serum free IGF-1 levels following 3 days of nutrition support and 22% higher after 5 days. These changes were consistent with the concomitant elevation in serum insulin and reduction in corticosterone levels. In addition, phosphorylations of downstream anabolic signaling effectors - including protein kinase B, mTOR, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase1 - increased significantly in rats receiving EAA enriched high-protein EN.Conclusion/SignificanceOur findings firstly demonstrate the beneficial effect of EAA enriched high-protein EN on the metabolic modulation of skeletal muscle protein anabolism by regulating the IGF-1 system and downstream anabolic signaling transduction.

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“…Once AKT is activated it can also cause the phosphorylation of mTOR [26]. Furthermore, resistance training and leucine supplementation can possibly increase the release of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in the body [12, 24]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine responses and acute mTOR pathway phosphorylation to resistance exercise with leucine and whey

Lane¹,

Herda²,

Fry³

et al. 2017

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Leucine ingestion reportedly activates the mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle, contributing to a hypertrophy response. The purpose of the study was to compare the post-resistance exercise effects of leucine and whey protein supplementation on endocrine responses and muscle mTOR pathway phosphorylation. On visit 1, subjects (X±SD; n=20; age=27.8±2.8yrs) provided baseline blood samples for analysis of cortisol, glucose and insulin; a muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle to assess mTOR signaling pathway phosphorylation; and were tested for maximum strength on the leg press and leg extension exercises. For visits 2 and 3, subjects were randomized in a double-blind crossover design to ingest either leucine and whey protein (10g+10g; supplement) or a non-caloric placebo. During these visits, 5 sets of 10 repetitions were performed on both exercises, immediately followed by ingestion of the supplement or placebo. Blood was sampled 30 min post-, and a muscle biopsy 45 min post-exercise. Western blots quantified total and phosphorylated proteins. Insulin increased (α<.05) with supplementation with no change in glucose compared to placebo. Relative phosphorylation of AKT and rpS6 were greater with leucine and whey supplementation compared to placebo. Supplementation of leucine and whey protein immediately after heavy resistance exercise increases anabolic signaling in human skeletal muscle.

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Acute regulation of IGF-I by alterations in post-exercise macronutrients

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

Aerobic exercise training increases circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein–1 concentration, but does not attenuate the reduction in circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein–1 after a high-fat meal

Aerobic exercise training increases circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein–1 concentration, but does not attenuate the reduction in circulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein–1 after a high-fat meal

Essential Amino Acid Enriched High-Protein Enteral Nutrition Modulates Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 System Function in a Rat Model of Trauma-Hemorrhagic Shock

Endocrine responses and acute mTOR pathway phosphorylation to resistance exercise with leucine and whey

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