Acute regulation of hematocrit and acid–base balance in chicken embryos in response to severe intrinsic hypercapnic hypoxia

Andrewartha, Sarah J.; Tazawa, Hiroshi; Burggren, Warren W.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2014.01.019

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Embryonic chickens are exceptionally hypercarbia tolerant as they can survive 1 h exposure to P CO2 of 10 kPa where pH e is reduced by ∼0.8 pH units (Andrewartha et al, 2014), a degree of pH e depression typically observed in animals that preferentially regulate pH i . Amniotic embryos are enclosed within structures (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) preferentially regulate intracellular tissue pH during acid-base challenges

Shartau

Crossley

Kohl

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The nests of embryonic turtles naturally experience elevated CO 2 (hypercarbia), which leads to increased blood P CO2 and a respiratory acidosis, resulting in reduced blood pH [extracellular pH ( pH e )]. Some fishes preferentially regulate tissue pH [intracellular pH ( pH i )] against changes in pH e ; this has been proposed to be associated with exceptional CO 2 tolerance and has never been identified in amniotes. As embryonic turtles may be CO 2 tolerant based on nesting strategy, we hypothesized that they preferentially regulate pH i , conferring tolerance to severe acute acid-base challenges. This hypothesis was tested by investigating pH regulation in common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) reared in normoxia then exposed to hypercarbia (13 kPa P CO2 ) for 1 h at three developmental ages: 70% and 90% of incubation, and yearlings. Hypercarbia reduced pH e but not pH i , at all developmental ages. At 70% of incubation, pH e was depressed by 0.324 pH units while pH i of brain, white muscle and lung increased; heart, liver and kidney pH i remained unchanged. At 90% of incubation, pH e was depressed by 0.352 pH units but heart pH i increased with no change in pH i of other tissues. Yearlings exhibited a pH e reduction of 0.235 pH units but had no changes in pH i of any tissues. The results indicate common snapping turtles preferentially regulate pH i during development, but the degree of response is reduced throughout development. This is the first time preferential pH i regulation has been identified in an amniote. These findings may provide insight into the evolution of acid-base homeostasis during development of amniotes, and vertebrates in general.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) preferentially regulate intracellular tissue pH during acid-base challenges

Shartau

Crossley

Kohl

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The recovery of cyclic motility to the control level by the 20th minute of hypoxia may be accounted for by activation of regulatory mechanisms that were already sufficiently mature on D12-14. These may be, e.g., heart rate restoration against the background of hypoxia [17], changes in hematological respiratory variables [32,33], and redistribution of blood flow towards the most important organs (including brain) in response to hypoxia, which is known to become more pronounced with embryonic age [34]. These regulatory mechanisms may contribute to the restoration of motility under hypoxia.…”

Section: Effects Of Acute Hypoxia On the Cyclic Motility Of D10-15 Emmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related Changes in the Response of Embryonic Motility to Acute Hypoxia During the Third Quarter of Chick Embryogenesis

Nechaeva¹,

Алексеева²

2017

TOOENIJ

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Environmental factors may affect the growth, size, phenotype, behavior, and other characteristics of avian embryos at different developmental stages; however, the roles of individual embryonic physiological systems in these effects remain largely unclear. Embryonic motility is an important component of the prenatal development observed almost throughout embryogenesis and may be a precursor of post-hatching motor behavior. The influences of the environment on the development of motor behavior during embryogenesis (notably the embryonic motility affected by hypoxia) remain poorly studied. Consequently, using the chick embryo, we investigated the effect of acute hypoxia (10% or 5% О 2 for 20 or 40 min) on embryonic cyclic motility at incubation days (D) 10, 12, 14, and 15 using in vivo video recording. Hypoxia inhibited motility; specifically, the average duration of activity and inactivity phases during hypoxic exposure were shortened and prolonged, respectively. Age-related changes in the responses to 10% and 5% O 2 differed. The time course of the motility response to acute hypoxia varied during the D10-15 period and demonstrates that the embryo was capable of recovering motility under hypoxia. The recovery was likely enhanced with age due to maturation of regulatory capacity.

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“…These approaches are often combined with exposure of the developing embryo to hypoxia or hypercapnia as stressors on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and acidbase balance systems to tease apart elements of cardiorespiratory physiological control (Adair et al, 1987;Strick et al, 1991;Burton and Palmer, 1992;Rouwet et al, 2002;Crossley et al, 2003a;Villamor et al, 2004;Fisher and Burggren, 2007;Copeland and Dzialowski, 2009;Lindgren and Altimiras, 2009;Acosta and Hernandez, 2012;Zhang and Burggren, 2012;Mueller et al, 2013b;Andrewartha et al, 2014;Mueller et al, 2014b;Burggren et al, 2015b;Jonker et al, 2015;Itani et al, 2016). …”

Section: Ontogeny Of Cardio-respiratory Morphology Physiology Biochmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypercapnia has been widely used as a stressor to probe the onset of acid-base balance; discussion of this extensive literature is beyond the scope of this review, and the reader is referred to the following studies for an entry into the literature Everaert et al, 2008a;Everaert et al, 2011;Tazawa et al, 2012;Burggren et al, 2012;Mueller et al, 2013b;Andrewartha et al, 2014;Mueller et al, 2014b;Burggren et al, 2015b;Mueller et al, 2015a). Like hypoxia, hypercapnia has differential levels in mortality/hatchability at different points in development (Taylor and Kreutziger, 1966;Taylor and Kreutziger, 1969;Everaert et al, 2007).…”

Section: Hypoxia Hypercapnia and Avian Critical Windowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardio-respiratory development in bird embryos: new insights from a venerable animal model

2016

Self Cite

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-The avian embryo is a time-honored animal model for understanding vertebrate development. A key area of extensive study using bird embryos centers on developmental phenotypic plasticity of the cardio-respiratory system and how its normal development can be affected by abiotic factors such as temperature and oxygen availability. Through the investigation of the plasticity of development, we gain a better understanding of both the regulation of the developmental process and the embryo's capacity for self-repair. Additionally, experiments with abiotic and biotic stressors during development have helped delineate not just critical windows for avian cardio-respiratory development, but the general characteristics (e.g., timing and dose-dependence) of critical windows in all developing vertebrates. Avian embryos are useful in exploring fetal programming, in which early developmental experiences have implications (usually negative) later in life. The ability to experimentally manipulate the avian embryo without the interference of maternal behavior or physiology makes it particularly useful in future studies of fetal programming. The bird embryo is also a key participant in studies of transgenerational epigenetics, whether by egg provisioning or effects on the germline that are transmitted to the F1 generation (or beyond). Finally, the avian embryo is heavily exploited in toxicology, in which both toxicological testing of potential consumer products as well as the consequences of exposure to anthropogenic pollutants are routinely carried out in the avian embryo. The avian embryo thus proves useful on numerous experimental fronts as an animal model that is concurrently both of adequate complexity and sufficient simplicity for probing vertebrate cardio-respiratory development.

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Acute regulation of hematocrit and acid–base balance in chicken embryos in response to severe intrinsic hypercapnic hypoxia

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Embryonic common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) preferentially regulate intracellular tissue pH during acid-base challenges

Embryonic common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) preferentially regulate intracellular tissue pH during acid-base challenges

Age-related Changes in the Response of Embryonic Motility to Acute Hypoxia During the Third Quarter of Chick Embryogenesis

Cardio-respiratory development in bird embryos: new insights from a venerable animal model

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