Acute Radiation Injury of Ocular Adnexa

γ-Ray-induced apoptosis in transgenic mice with proliferative abnormalities in their intestinal epithelium: re-entry of villus enterocytes into the cell cycle does not affect their radioresistance but enhances the radiosensitivity of the crypt by inducing p53

“…Although non-dividing thymocytes and parotid gland acinar cells are radiosensitive (Sellins and Cohen, 1987;Stephens et al, 1989), the majority of radiation-induced apoptosis occurs in proliferating cell populations (Dewey et al, 1995). The exit of enterocytes from active cell division and their terminal dierentiation on the villus have been proposed to underlie their radioresistance (Potten, 1990).…”

Radiation apoptosis of serous acinar cells of salivary and lacrimal glands

“…'*- I4 Therefore, to expand on the limited availability of tissue from patients, we have used nonhuman primates to study the comparative anatomy and radiation responses of salivary and ocular adnexal glands. [19][20][21] Our observations on irradiated rhesus salivary glands and lacrimal glands are brought together in this article to emphasize the unique biology of the radiation response that is shared by the serous cells of these glands. We demonstrate that oral and ocular acute clinical side effects of radiotherapy can result from destruction of serous cells by a specific mode of radiation injury that is inconsequential in virtually all organs other than lymphoid tissues.…”

Lacrimal Gland Radiosensitivity in Uveal Melanoma Patients

“…Radiotherapy (RT) to the lacrimal gland can result, after a latent period of approximately 6 months, in chronic inflammation and, eventually, in fibrosis and atrophy (3,(6)(7)(8). Finally, at a dose level of $40 Gy when applied to the whole organ (i.e., the orbit), a clear dose-effect relationship has been established (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Some of the new three-dimensional computer planning systems enable one to apply very conformal dose distributions.…”

“…Orbital RT can result in decreased tear production due to the integral dose received by the lacrimal gland (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). With regard to DES, a clear doseeffect relationship has been reported for whole orbit RT (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). However, current radiation techniques, such as stereotactic RT and intensity-modulated RT, can tailor the dose more precisely to the planning target volume, thereby sparing the lacrimal gland.…”