Acute Poisoning due to Petrol Vapour

Js, Lawrence

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4407.871

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Octane, which is present in high proportions in some petrols, is very toic. N-octane is about seven times as toxic as pentane (Lawrence, 1945). Some commercial petrols contain benzine and other aromatic hydrocarbons which are of sl greater toxity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrol-vapour Poisoning

Aidin¹

1958

BMJ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrol-vapour Poisoning

Aidin¹

1958

BMJ

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“…With the important aluminum(III) system, precipitation from aqueous solutions of long chain sodium or potassium alkyl carboxylates involves a complex pH-dependent process, which forms mainly a basic aluminum(III) dicarboxylate, with differing degrees of polymerization. − These produce gels in organic solvents, one of the best known being Napalm . Although it has generally been believed that gelation involves formation of a polymeric, chain-like structure through the hydroxyl groups, there are recent indications that formation of networks of nanosized micelles might be involved instead .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Metal Ion Hydration on the Interaction between Sodium Carboxylates and Aluminum(III) or Chromium(III) Ions in Aqueous Solution

2011

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The interaction between sodium octanoate, decanoate, and dodecanoate and aluminum(III) and chromium(III) has been studied in water at natural pH values, starting well below the surfactant critical micelle concentration, using electrical conductivity, turbidity, and potentiometric measurements. With decanoate or dodecanoate, maximum interaction occurs at 3:1 stoichiometry, corresponding to charge neutralization. Although the solutions become turbid with both metal ions, indicating phase separation, differences are observed and attributed to the fact that aluminum(III) is relatively labile to substitution and rapidly replaces its water ligands, whereas chromium(III) is substitution inert. This shows up in well-defined floc formation with Al(3+), whereas Cr(3+) suspensions do not precipitate, probably because that replacement of coordinated water by carboxylate ligands is impeded. This can be overcome by increasing temperature, and differences in the thermal behavior with Al(3+) and Cr(3+) are suggested to be due to increased involvement of substitution reactions in the latter case. The effect of octanoate on the trivalent metal ions is less clear, and with Cr(3+) interaction only occurs when the carboxylate is in excess. Hydrophobic interactions between alkyl chains play a major role in driving phase separation. At high surfactant concentrations, the solid phases do not dissolve, in contrast to what is observed with the corresponding alkylsulfates. This has implications for use of these systems in metal separation through froth flotation. The concentration of metal ions in supernatant solution has been determined for sodium dodecanoate and sodium dodecylsulfate with Al(3+) and Cr(3+) over the whole surfactant concentration range by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). From this, association constants have been determined and are found to be larger for the carboxylate than the alkylsulfate, in agreement with the greater Lewis basicity of the -CO(2)(-) group.

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Inhalation Psychosis and Related States

Glaser¹

1966

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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Acute Poisoning due to Petrol Vapour

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Petrol-vapour Poisoning

Petrol-vapour Poisoning

Effect of Metal Ion Hydration on the Interaction between Sodium Carboxylates and Aluminum(III) or Chromium(III) Ions in Aqueous Solution

Inhalation Psychosis and Related States

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