Acute photosensitisation and mortality in a herd of dairy cattle in Tasmania

Golder, H.M.; Moss, Nicholas J.; Rogers, GL; Jackson, B. L.; Gannon, N. J.; Wong, P. T. W.; Lean, I.J.

doi:10.1080/00480169.2016.1232181

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…However, there have been numerous epidemic-like outbreaks of hepatic necrosis that the cause has not been identified. [8][9][10] It is possible that S. reflexa might be responsible for other poisoning cases that have gone unrecognized. The objectives of this report are to document 2 additional cases of S. reflexa poisoning and better document the potential toxicity of S. reflexa in plant populations in the Western U.S. Also, an analysis of S. reflexa herbarium plant specimens was conducted to determine if hepatotoxic diterpenes occur in plants throughout its known distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salvia reflexa-contaminated hay poisoning in cattle

Stonecipher,

Gardner,

Webb

et al. 2024

Bov. pract.

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Salvia reflexa is an annual forb that has recently (2021) been reported to contaminate hay and cause fatal hepatotoxicity in cattle. It is possible that prior poisoning cases may have gone unrecognized due to the lack of information on fatal hepatotoxicity caused by S. reflexa. Two cases are reported. Case 1 occurred in December 2001 in Montana, in which 30 cows died out of 105. Case 2 occurred in 2023 in Wyoming, in which 111 cows out of 155 died. Poisoned cows in both cases had elevated aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities with microscopic severe acute centrilobular necrosis with hemorrhage. These lesions were similar to those described previously in clinical and experimental S. reflexa trials. Hepatotoxic diterpenes of S. reflexa, salviarin and rhyacophiline, were detected in hay samples in both cases and in rumen contents from animals in Case 2. Plant specimens of S. reflexa were collected from 2 herbaria, representing collections from 12 states, and screened for salviarin and rhyacophiline. The S. reflexa toxins were found in herbarium samples suggesting if S. reflexa is present, it is potentially toxic to cattle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salvia reflexa-contaminated hay poisoning in cattle

Stonecipher,

Gardner,

Webb

et al. 2024

Bov. pract.

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The aetiology, prevalence and morbidity of outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock: A review

et al. 2019

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Background Photosensitisation is a clinical condition occurring in both humans and animals that causes significant injury to affected individuals. In livestock, outbreaks of photosensitisation caused by ingestion of toxic plants are relatively common and can be associated with significant economic loss. Objectives The agents that are most commonly implicated in outbreaks of photosensitisation have not been formally investigated on a global scale. To address this question, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken to determine the most common causative agents implicated in outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock in Australia and globally, as well as the prevalence and morbidity of such outbreaks. Methods A systematic database search was conducted to identify peer-reviewed case reports of photosensitisation in livestock published worldwide between 1900 and April 2018. Only case reports with a full abstract in English were included. Non peer-reviewed reports from Australia were also investigated. Case reports were then sorted by plant and animal species, type of photosensitisation by diagnosis, location, morbidity and mortality rate and tabulated for further analysis. Results One hundred and sixty-six reports qualified for inclusion in this study. Outbreaks were reported in 20 countries. Australia (20), Brazil (20) and the United States (11) showed the highest number of peer-reviewed photosensitisation case reports from this analysis. Hepatogenous (Type III) photosensitisation was the most frequently reported diagnosis (68.5%) and resulted in higher morbidity. Panicum spp., Brachiaria spp. and Tribulus terrestris were identified as the most common causes of hepatogenous photosensitisation globally. Conclusions Hepatogenous photosensitisation in livestock represents a significant risk to livestock production, particularly in Australia, Brazil, and the United States. Management of toxic pastures and common pasture weeds may reduce the economic impact of photosensitisation both at a national and global level.

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Acute photosensitisation and mortality in a herd of dairy cattle in Tasmania

Abstract: A definitive diagnosis could not be reached in this case of acute photosensitisation and mortality in dairy cattle grazing possibly contaminated dryland pasture. The findings differed from both facial eczema and acute bovine liver disease, suggesting an undescribed mycotoxicosis.

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Salvia reflexa-contaminated hay poisoning in cattle

Salvia reflexa-contaminated hay poisoning in cattle

The aetiology, prevalence and morbidity of outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock: A review

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