Acute Phase Response as a Biological Mechanism‐of‐Action of (Nano)particle‐Induced Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

Inhaled nanoparticles constitute a potential health hazard due to their size-dependent lung deposition and large surface to mass ratio. Exposure to high levels contributes to the risk of developing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as of lung cancer. Particle-induced acute phase response may be an important mechanism of action of particleinduced cardiovascular disease. Here, the authors review new important scientific evidence showing causal relationships between inhalation of particle and nanomaterials, induction of acute phase response, and risk of cardiovascular disease. Particle-induced acute phase response provides a means for risk assessment of particle-induced cardiovascular disease and underscores cardiovascular disease as an occupational disease.

Particle characterization and toxicity in C57BL/6 mice following instillation of five different diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties

“…This could suggest that other particle components affecting the nanostructure in relation to the organic carbon content, in addition to SSA, are important contributors to the acute phase response of diesel exhaust particles. The acute phase response is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor [47], and inflammation may be linked to other pathologies including fibrosis [68] and secondary genotoxicity [69,70].…”

Nanotoxicology: The Need for a Human Touch?

“…A review of occupational exposure to nanoparticles is beyond the scope here; however, we wish to mention a few examples of workplace exposure to noncombustion nanoparticles where health parameters have been measured (see also refs. [ 23,24 ] ). The examples below focus on inhalation exposure, and the reader is referred elsewhere for other routes of exposure such as oral [ 25,26 ] and dermal.…”

“…[ 43 ] Similarly, volunteers that had been asked to spend several hours in settings with exposure to welding fumes exhibited a variety of inflammatory responses in the lung and blood. [ 24 ] Other occupational exposures of metal particles, such as steel plant or iron foundry workers, or occupations with exposure to particulates rich in aluminum or manganese, have shown indications of depressed anti‐inflammatory respiratory defences, and possibly even neurological symptoms. [ 24,44 ]…”

“…[ 24 ] Other occupational exposures of metal particles, such as steel plant or iron foundry workers, or occupations with exposure to particulates rich in aluminum or manganese, have shown indications of depressed anti‐inflammatory respiratory defences, and possibly even neurological symptoms. [ 24,44 ]…”

Particle characterization and toxicity in C57BL/6 mice following instillation of five different diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties

“…Recently, Møller et al[23] reviewed the available literature on cell and animal studies, and concluded that the evidence of biodiesel-induced inflammatory, oxidative stress and genotoxicity response is weak and inconsistent between studies. Furthermore, engine type, combustion conditions and after-treatment have been identified as major determinants of the chemical composition of the diesel exhaust particles[47,81]. Thus, a major strength of the current study is that five different DEP were assessed in the same experimental setup, and that the three different fuel types were evaluated using the same engine, combustion conditions and after-treatment, thus ensuring comparability.…”