Acute phase proteins in sheep and goats – function, reference ranges and assessment methods: An overview

Iliev, Petar; Georgieva, T. M.

doi:10.15547/bjvm.1050

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…During the study period, SARA induction was not associated with significant changes in serum CRP values in all 3 groups, and according to Constable et al [4] and Ilive and Georgieva, the variations in serum CRP were in the normal range of sheep [37]. In accordance with our study, Ahmed et al showed that serum CRP value was significantly changed in sheep with acute acidosis [38].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of activated charcoal and zeolite on serum lipopolysaccharides and some inflammatory biomarkers levels in experimentally induced subacute ruminal acidosis in lambs

Nikvand¹,

Nouri²,

Jalali³

et al. 2020

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) play a key role in the pathogenesis of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Limited attempts have been made to inhibit LPS absorption during SARA. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of oral usage of activated charcoal and zeolite on serum LPS and acute phase proteins (APPs) levels in lambs with SARA. Fifteen lambs were randomly assigned to 3 groups, each containing 5 lambs: control, activated charcoal, and zeolite. In all groups, SARA was induced for 7 days through increasing the crushed corn ration to 52.8% and reducing the rumen pH to the range of 5.7-5.6. In the control group, no additive was added to the ration while the other 2 groups received 1 gr/kg BW activated charcoal and 1 gr/kg BW zeolite daily, respectively. Immediately prior to induction (0 day) and during SARA, blood samples were taken to analyze the lactate, bicarbonate, LPS, and APPs values. During SARA, activated charcoal and zeolite groups showed significant decreasing trends in serum LPS levels (P ˂ 0.01). However, no significant changes were observed in serum CRP value in all SARA groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, plasma fibrinogen level significantly increased on days 1, 2, and 3 of SARA compared to day 0 in all groups (P < 0.01). In conclusion the oral consumption of activated charcoal and zeolite in the lambs with SARA resulted in a significant reduction in serum LPS values during SARA. Factors other than LPS might play a role in inducing inflammatory responses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of activated charcoal and zeolite on serum lipopolysaccharides and some inflammatory biomarkers levels in experimentally induced subacute ruminal acidosis in lambs

Nikvand¹,

Nouri²,

Jalali³

et al. 2020

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…In farm animals, several proteins have been recognized as APPs, which can be divided into two groups: (1) Positive APPs, whose concentrations increase during inflammation—serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp), fibrinogen (Fb), C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), hemopexin (Hpx), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP); and (2) negative APPs, whose concentrations decrease during inflammation—albumins, transferrin (Tf), and transthyretin (TTR) [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Positive APPs are further divided into three subgroups based on the increase in their concentration and the time period after infection: (1) Major—the concentration increases 10- to 100-fold in the first 48 h after infection; (2) moderate—the concentration increases 2- to 10-fold in the first 3–4 days post infection; and (3) minor—the concentration increases only slightly and change occurs more slowly [ 9 ].…”

Section: Acute Phase Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As suggested by the aforementioned examples, Cp is considered a major contributor to plasma antioxidant capacity [ 17 ]. Cp is a minor APP in small ruminants [ 8 , 18 ].…”

Section: Acute Phase Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Phase Protein Levels as An Auxiliary Tool in Diagnosing Viral Diseases in Ruminants—A Review

Reczyńska

Zalewska

Czopowicz

et al. 2018

Viruses

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We examined acute phase protein (APP) concentrations in viral infections of dairy ruminants and assessed the potential role of characteristic patterns of APP changes in auxiliary diagnosing viral diseases. All viruses reviewed are common causes of farm animal diseases. APPs are among the first agents of immunity, and their concentrations could be diagnostically relevant. In the most common ruminant viral diseases, elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) levels in blood serum have been observed. However, since these proteins are the main APPs in many viral infections, it is impossible to use their levels for diagnosing particular infections. Decreased Cp and albumin expression could help differentiate the bluetongue virus infection from other diseases. Lastly, analysis of SAA levels in blood serum and milk could be helpful in diagnosing small ruminant lentivirus infection. While promising, APP levels can only be considered as an auxiliary tool in diagnosing viral diseases in ruminants.

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“…During any form of tissue injury, acute phase responses (APR) are initiated [27,28]. At this stage the APP either increases or reduces in concentration [29,30,31,32] reflecting the degree of damages in the tissue [24]. In cases of clinical mastitis SAA and Hp have been indicated as APP biomarkers of inflammation in response to cytokine stimulation [33,34,35,36,37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…APPs are considered a powerful diagnostic measure in field or experimental mastitis studies. The pathogenesis of mastitis have been reported to involve inflammatory reactions [39,40,41] which results into increased production of Acute-Phase Proteins (APP) [31,32]. Recently, APPs are considered as important diagnostic biomarkers not only in veterinary diagnostics but also in human medicine [42,43,44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Phase Proteins (Haptoglobin and Serum Amyloid A) and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-12 and IL-10) in Cows Vaccinated with Prototype Killed S. aureus Mastitis Vaccine and Challenged with S. aureus Mastitis Infection.

Hambali

Abdallah

Bhuttu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The economic downturn experienced by farmers and the fear of milk borne infection are of a greater public health concern. Haptoglobin, Serum Amyloid A, IL-12 and IL-10 in lactating Friesian cows vaccinated with prototype killed S. aureus mastitis vaccine and challenged with S. aureus were evaluated. Bacterin concentration at 10 8 cfu /ml of the local isolate of S. aureus was adjuvanted with KAl(SO₄)₂. Six lactating Friesian cows were grouped into A= Negative control, B = Positive control and C = vaccine group. Group C was vaccinated intramuscularly with 2ml of the monovalent vaccine, groups A and B with physiologic normal saline. Groups B and C were later challenged with the live bacterium via intramammary route . Result There was a significant increase in IL-10 concentration in vaccinated group post primary vaccination (PPV), booster phase (PB) and during the bacterial challenge phase. There was also a significantly increased IL-12 concentration in the vaccinated group at 24 hours, weeks 1 and 2 PPV. Haptoglobin at 12 and 24 hours PPV had a significant difference in group C. During the PB at 8 and 12 hours there was a significant difference in group C. During the bacterial challenged phase at 0, 3, 24 hours and day 7 PC there was a significant difference in group B. At 8 hours PC there was a significant difference in group C. For Serum Amyloid A, during PPV at 0, 3, 8, 12, 24 hours and weeks 1 and 2, the concentrations was significantly different in groups C. During PB at 0, 3, 8 and 12 hours PB there was a significant difference in groups C. During the bacterial challenge phase at 3, 8, 12, 24 hours, days 7 and 14 PC there was a significant difference in group B. At 0 hour PC there was a significant increase observed in group C. Conclusion The developed prototype killed S. aureus mastitis vaccine using local isolates was able to stimulate acute phase proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The pattern of responses PC indicated protection, thereby suggesting that vaccination can protect against mastitis infection in dairy cows.

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Acute phase proteins in sheep and goats – function, reference ranges and assessment methods: An overview

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of activated charcoal and zeolite on serum lipopolysaccharides and some inflammatory biomarkers levels in experimentally induced subacute ruminal acidosis in lambs

Effects of activated charcoal and zeolite on serum lipopolysaccharides and some inflammatory biomarkers levels in experimentally induced subacute ruminal acidosis in lambs

Acute Phase Protein Levels as An Auxiliary Tool in Diagnosing Viral Diseases in Ruminants—A Review

Acute Phase Proteins (Haptoglobin and Serum Amyloid A) and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-12 and IL-10) in Cows Vaccinated with Prototype Killed S. aureus Mastitis Vaccine and Challenged with S. aureus Mastitis Infection.

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