Acute Pancreatitis in Obesity: Adipokines and Dietary Fish Oil

Al-Azzawi, Hayder H.; Wade, Terence E.; Swartz-Basile, Deborah A.; Wang, Sue; Pitt, Henry A.; Zyromski, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1007/s10620-011-1626-x

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Thus, the interregulation of adiponectin and proinflammatory cytokines results in an overwhelmingly proinflammatory state [35]. In contrast to other adipocytokines, the level of adiponectin paradoxically decreases in individuals with obesity and states of insulin resistance, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis and T2DM [36]. The antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties of n-3 PUFAs may be mediated by increased circulating adiponectin in both animals and humans.…”

Section: Adipocytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptin modulates both the innate and adaptive immune responses, for example, by stimulating monocyte proliferation and differentiation into macrophages, modulating the activation of natural killer lymphocytes or inducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IL-6 or IL-12 [10,39]. Higher intake of dietary n-3 PUFAs is associated with lower circulating levels of leptin and proinflammatory cytokines and reduced Th1 cell development in obese rodents and humans [40,36]. However, in leptin receptor-deficient JCR:LA-cp rats, n-3 fatty acids feeding normalizes the impaired cytokine response of immune cells residing in visceral adipose tissue, which indicates that the regulation of inflammation by n-3 PUFAs may be independent of leptin signaling [41].…”

Section: Adipocytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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n-3 fatty acids modulate adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress

Fan

Zirpoli

2013

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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Section: Adipocytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adipocytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 fatty acids modulate adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress

Fan

Zirpoli

2013

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

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“…While typically a mild and self limiting disease, approximately 20% of acute pancreatitis (AP) cases worsen to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), characterized by pancreatic tissue necrosis, high morbidity and up to a 20% mortality rate [1–3]. Obesity is an established risk factor in the progression from AP to SAP, and mortality due to SAP complications [1, 4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity is an established risk factor in the progression from AP to SAP, and mortality due to SAP complications [1, 4, 5]. Despite the observed connection between obesity and SAP, the mechanisms of increased AP severity in the obese continue to remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich containing family, pyrin-domain containing 3 inflammasome reduces the severity of experimentally induced acute pancreatitis in obese mice

York

Castellanos

Cabay

et al. 2014

Translational Research

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Acute pancreatitis (AP), while most often a mild and self-limiting inflammatory disease, worsens to a characteristically necrotic severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in about 20% of cases. Obesity, affecting more than a third of American adults, is a risk factor for the development of SAP, but the exact mechanism of this association has not been identified. Coincidental with chronic low-grade inflammation, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome increases with obesity. Lean mice genetically deficient for specific components of the NLRP3 inflammasome are protected from experimentally-induced AP, indicating a direct involvement of this pathway in AP pathophysiology. We hypothesized that inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome with the sulfonylurea drug glyburide would reduce disease severity in obese mice with cerulein-induced SAP. Treatment with glyburide led to significantly reduced relative pancreatic mass and water content and less pancreatic damage and cell death in genetically obese ob/ob mice with SAP compared to vehicle-treated obese SAP mice. Glyburide administration in ob/ob mice with cerulein induced SAP also resulted in significantly reduced serum levels of interleukin-6, lipase and amylase, and led to lower production of LPS-stimulated IL-1β release in cultured peritoneal cells, compared to vehicle treated ob/ob mice with SAP. Together, these data indicate involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in obesity-associated SAP, and expose the possible utility of its inhibition in prevention or treatment of SAP in obese individuals.

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“…Additionally, mice fed a diet rich in fish oils had decreased levels of adipokines, inflammatory components seen in obesity that can contribute to the development of worse outcomes in acute pancreatitis. 47 Similar studies have not been done in humans. There is no evidence that limiting sucrose or increasing intake of fish oil can prevent subsequent episodes of acute pancreatitis.…”

Section: Dietary Composition In Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis and Chromentioning

confidence: 83%

Nutritional advice for prevention of acute pancreatitis: review of current opinion

Lowe¹,

Sevilla²

2012

NDS

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute and self-limiting or, in a small percentage of patients, recurrent. Patients with recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis (RAP) often progress to chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatitis in all forms causes significant economic and social burdens. Prevention of RAP may decrease those burdens and halt progression to chronic disease. Unfortunately, no therapy has proven effective at altering the course of RAP. While enteral nutritional therapy plays an important role in the treatment of acute pancreatitis during episodes, nutritional advice provided to patients in an attempt to prevent recurrent episodes has not proven effective in most cases. Discontinuing alcohol consumption and treating dyslipidemia with diet and medication can help patients with these issues. In patients whose pancreatitis is associated with celiac disease or eosinophilic gastroenteritis, a gluten-free diet and avoidance of food allergens can be effective in stopping RAP. Advice to take pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, lose weight, control diabetes, decrease dietary sucrose, decrease dietary fat or avoid monosodium glutamate has little to no evidence of efficacy. Some studies suggest that an antioxidant cocktail may decrease the frequency of RAP and the intensity of chronic pain, but the evidence is weak. Nutritional therapy may have a role in the treatment of patients with RAP. At present, there are no clear guidelines for nutritional advice to give these patients. More studies are needed to identify nutritional interventions that will benefit patients with RAP.

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Acute Pancreatitis in Obesity: Adipokines and Dietary Fish Oil

Abstract: These data demonstrate that a diet rich in fish oil altered the adipokine milieu in lean and congenitally obese mice; however, fish oil did not improve pancreatitis severity induced with cerulein hyperstimulation.

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

n-3 fatty acids modulate adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress

n-3 fatty acids modulate adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress

Inhibition of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich containing family, pyrin-domain containing 3 inflammasome reduces the severity of experimentally induced acute pancreatitis in obese mice

Nutritional advice for prevention of acute pancreatitis: review of current opinion

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