Acute Pancreatitis in a Patient with Complicated Falciparum Malaria

Barman, Bhupen; Bhattacharya, Prasanta; Lynrah, Kyrshanlang G; Ete, Tony; Issar, Neel Kanth

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2016/17099.7151

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…This change in treatment guidelines occurred in 2013 [ 16 ] following growing reports of failed ASP reported in numerous northeastern states, including Mizoram, Tripura, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh [ 17 , 18 ]. The literature search revealed documented cases of severe malaria in Meghalaya that were successfully resolved using artesunate [ 19 ], but the degree of drug resistance to ACT in the state remains largely undocumented. The recommended treatment for P. vivax infection across the whole of India is chloroquine [ 15 ], which until 2004 was used to treat P. falciparum infections before the emergence of resistance, documented in northeast India [ 10 , 11 ], Meghalaya, and adjacent states [ 13 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the majority of documented malaria cases in Meghalaya in the last decade are uncomplicated (i.e., cause mild disease), severe clinical presentations involving multiple organs including the central nervous, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic systems, have been reported in children [ 14 ] and adults [ 19 ]. Children (ages 0–17 years) with severe and unusual malaria syndromes were identified through a retrospective review of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit at NEIGHRIMS hospital in Shillong between 2006 and 2009 [ 14 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 162 malaria cases identified, 10% (n = 16) had unusual, complicated syndromes including seven cases of cerebral malaria and eleven mixed species infections [ 14 ]. At the same hospital, a more recent report of a 65 year old man presenting with compounding, severe malaria complications was described [ 19 ]. While malaria-associated fatalities are relatively infrequent in Meghalaya, they continue to be reported [ 10 , 20 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with the Indian mainland [ 34 ], a review of the available literature on malaria in Meghalaya confirms an overall theme: it is a complex disease which has many different factors combining to ensure continued transmission, making control and prevention challenging. While P. falciparum malaria certainly dominates, both P. vivax and mixed infections are common, and severe, unusual, and fatal cases have all been reported in recent years [ 11 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 ]. The overwhelming diversity of key, emerging, and potential mosquito vectors, including An.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malaria in Meghalaya: a systematic literature review and analysis of data from the National Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme

Kessler

Eijk

Jamir

et al. 2018

Malar J

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BackgroundMeghalaya, one of eight states in the northeastern region of India, has been reported to carry a high malaria burden. However, malaria surveillance, epidemiology, and vector studies are sparse, and no reviews combining these topics with malaria prevention and control strategies have been published in recent years. Furthermore, no analysis of surveillance data has been published documenting the changes in epidemiology following the first distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) statewide in 2016.MethodsA hybrid approach was used to describe the status of malaria in Meghalaya. First, a literature search was performed using the terms ‘malaria’ and ‘Meghalaya’. Second, data were obtained from the Meghalaya State Malaria Control Programme for 2006–2017 for analysis of trends. Data from 3 years 2015–2017 were analysed further by district and year to assess changes in malaria incidence and distribution following the introduction of LLINs.Results/conclusionsLike malaria in mainland India, malaria in Meghalaya is complex, with both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites in circulation, multiple Anopheles vector species, and reports of both unusual and severe malaria syndromes across all age groups. Integrated statewide malaria epidemiology, vector, and prevention and control data for Meghalaya are not readily available, and published studies are largely focused on a single topic or a single district or region of the state. Although malaria prevention and control approaches are available, (e.g. spraying, LLINs, personal repellents), their use and effectiveness is also not well characterized in the literature. Analysis of state malaria control programme data indicates that case incidence and related fatalities in Meghalaya have declined over the last decade. This could be attributed to changes in treatment guidelines and/or statewide distribution of effective prevention methods such as LLINs. Since the distribution of more than 900,000 LLINs in 2016, the malaria caseload has declined significantly in most Meghalaya districts, excluding the remote and geographically isolated South Garo Hills. Additionally, the proportion of adult malaria cases (15+ years of age versus children 0–14 years) in most districts was significantly greater following LLIN distribution, which likely reflects common lifestyle practices in these areas (e.g. adults working during night hours; small children in the households receiving priority for bed net protection). While reduction in malaria case incidence and related deaths is clear, the changes in malaria transmission and clinical manifestation have not been characterized. Routine epidemiology and vector surveillance combined with real-time data reporting are essential for the continued reduction and eventual elimination of malaria in Meghalaya.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Malaria in Meghalaya: a systematic literature review and analysis of data from the National Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme

Kessler

Eijk

Jamir

et al. 2018

Malar J

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show abstract

“…On ultrasound, the pancreas was found to be hypoechoic and bulky, and it was treated using anti-malarial agents that proved AP to be an atypical complication for malaria. Thus, it should be ruled out in patients presenting with AP with an unknown etiology [ 43 ].…”

Section: Parasitic Causes Of Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Infectious Etiology of Acute Pancreatitis

2017

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While gallstones and alcoholism are widely known to be the most common causative agents of acute pancreatitis, about 10% of cases are thought to be caused by infectious microorganisms. These microorganisms include viruses (e.g. mumps, Coxsackie B, and hepatitis), bacteria (e.g. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and leptospirosis), and parasites (e.g. Ascaris lumbricoides, Fasciola hepatica, and hydatid disease). Each organism causes acute pancreatitis through diverse mechanisms. The review is primarily conducted in an attempt to provide a better understanding of the possibility of acute pancreatitis presenting as a complication relating to these organisms, and the aim is to guide future diagnoses, management, and predictions of complications.

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Evaluation of blood cell count parameters as predictors of treatment failure of malaria in Angola: An observational study

et al. 2022

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Background Despite the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization for the treatment of malaria, treatment failure occurs in many hospitalized patients. Objective Evaluate whether blood cell count parameters may serve as predictors for malaria treatment. Methodology A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Results Of the 219 patients, 21.5% showed failure to antimalarial treatment, Patient with 21 and 40 years (72.6%), male (53.4%), from peri-urban area (47.5%), with high parasitemia (59.8%), treated with Arthemeter (90.9%) and the mortality were 5.9%. Significant associations were observed between occupation, level of parasitemia and outcome with resistance to antimalarial treatment (p<0.05). Patients with normal Hb [OR: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.39–1.44), p = 0.393], RBC [OR: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.40–1.72), p = 0.632], RDW [OR: 0.54 (95% CI: 0.27–1.09), p = 0.088], MCV [OR: 0.61 (95% CI: 0.28–1.31), p = 0.204] were less likely to have malaria treatment failures after artemisinin-based therapy failure. In contrast, those with normal values of segmented neutrophils [OR: 0.32 (95% CI: 0.11–0.96), p = 0.042] and lymphocyte counts [OR: 0.24 (95% CI: 0.05–1.04), p = 0.055]. We also found that patients with significant low levels of Hct [OR: 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15–0.64) p = 0.002], and high leukocytes [OR: 8.88 (95% CI: 2.02–37.2), p = 0.004] and normal platelet values [OR: 1.42 (95% CI: 0.73–2.95), p = 0.280] demonstrated high probability of treatment failure. Conclusion The importance of blood cell count parameters in monitoring malaria therapy necessitates the urgent need to re-evaluate Artemether-based therapy. Future studies involving more participants in different settings are needed to provide further evidence.

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Acute Pancreatitis in a Patient with Complicated Falciparum Malaria

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Malaria in Meghalaya: a systematic literature review and analysis of data from the National Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme

Malaria in Meghalaya: a systematic literature review and analysis of data from the National Vector-Borne Disease Control Programme

Review of Infectious Etiology of Acute Pancreatitis

Evaluation of blood cell count parameters as predictors of treatment failure of malaria in Angola: An observational study

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