Acute Otitis Media in Children

Tilles, Jeremiah G.; Klein, Jerome O.; Jao, Rodolfo L.; Haslam, J. E.; Feingold, Murray; Gellis, Sydney S.; Finland, Maxwell

doi:10.1056/nejm196709212771202

Cited by 38 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Viruses have been found in up to 25% of OME cases, predominantly in cases of acute otitis media. However, these higher percentages are usually associated with some improvement of the detection technique used 15,17‐25 . Very few viral studies have been conducted on patients with COME 15,22,26 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Adenovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Shaw

Obermyer

Wetmore

et al. 1995

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the role of adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in the cause of chronic otitis media with effusion by use of the polymerase chain reaction for detection. The polymerase chain reaction has proved to be more sensitive and specific than viral cultures and immunoassays in the detection of viruses in other specimens. Adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were chosen because these viruses have been the most commonly isolated viruses in middle ear effusions in studies using other techniques. The effusions (132 total) were sterilely collected from 88 children undergoing myringotomy and ventilation tube placement for chronic otitis media with effusion. Nine (6.8%) specimens were positive for adenovirus by the polymerase chain reaction, and 13 (9.9%) were positive for respiratory syncytial virus by the polymerase chain reaction. Only one specimen was positive for adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus by viral culture and immunofluorescence, respectively. Our results show that the polymerase chain reaction can be used to detect adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in chronic middle ear effusions and that PCR is more sensitive than viral culture and immunofluorescence techniques.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Adenovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Shaw

Obermyer

Wetmore

et al. 1995

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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“…Bei Untersuchungen von sogenannten "sterilen" Ohrsekreten wurden Adenoviren, Coxsackieviren, Influenza-und Parainfluenzaviren wie auch RS-Viren isoliert (Tilles et al 1967;Klein u. Teele 1976). Damit unterscheidet sich die pathologische Besiedlung des Mittelohres nicht von der des Rhinopharynx bei viralen Infekten (Paradise 1980).…”

Section: Mittelohrunclassified

Virale Krankheiten im HNO-Bereich

Wilmes¹,

Deinhardt

1983

Teil I: Referate

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Viral infections cause many diseases in the mucous membranes, the upper respiratory and digestive tract, the salivary glands and the ear.Recent advances in the pathogenesis of viral diseases brought about an increasing interest of otolaryngologists.The general part of this paper presents the fundamental properties of viruses, their structure and replication, and the pathogenesis of the different forms of viral infections.The section of viral diagnosis describes laboratory methods and their limits as well as the clinical interpretation of viral tests.An overview of prophylaxis and therapy of viral infections is given.The specialized section of the paper describes viral infections important for the otorhinolaryngologist. It includes infections of the aero-digestive tract, the ear and the salivary glands.Because of its special importance, Epstein-Barr virus and its associated diseases, and hypotheses about the oncogenesis of EBV -correlated tumours are presented in detail.The topic of the third part is the actual knowledge about interferon and its antiviral and antitumour effects. The findings of important clinical studies are discussed.The last chapter concerns with virushepatitis.Zusammenfassung. Virale Infektionen sind die Ursache einer Vielzahl von Erkrankungen im Bereich der Schleimhiiute des oberen Respirations-und Digestionstraktes, der Speiche1driisen und des Ohres.Neue Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre tiber die Pathogenese viraler Erkrankungen fiihren zum wachsenden Interesse des HNO-Facharztes an deren Diagnostik und Therapie.Der allgemeine Teil dieses Referates macht mit wichtigen virologischen Grundlagen vertraut:Es wird auf die Struktur und die Vermehrung der Viren eingegangen sowie

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Alterations of the Eustachian Tube, Middle Ear, and Nose in Rhinovirus Infection

McBride¹,

Doyle²,

Hayden³

et al. 1989

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

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\s=b\This study measured the changes in 64 ears of 32 adult volunteers in eustachian tube function by the nine-step test, middle ear pressure by tympanometry, and nasal patency by active posterior rhinomanometry for 18 days following type 39 or Hanks rhinovirus infection. Abnormal measures were limited to the 75% of subjects (24) with clinical illness (colds) defined by symptom scores. Two days after infection, tubal function was present in only 50% of ears (48) and 20% of persons (5), middle ear underpressures of less than \m=-\50mm H2O were measured in 50% of volunteers (12), and decreased nasal patency was observed in 54% of those with colds (13). These changes resolved 6 to 10 days after challenge. These results support a causal relationship between viral upper respiratory tract infection eustachian tube obstruction and abnormal middle ear pressure.Otitis media (OM) is a common dis¬ ease of the pediatrie age group. Epidemiologie studies on the incidence and prevalence of the disease report a temporal pattern that closely parallels that of viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) with distinct peaks in the winter months and troughs in the summer. Other studies reported that more than 50% of newly diag¬ nosed cases of acute OM were preceded by a URTI.1·2 Also, respiratory viruses have been recovered from middle ear aspirates of patients with OM.3'8 A variety of evidence supports a role for functional eustachian tube (ET) obstruction in mediating the observed coincidence between URTI and OM episodes.9 A previous report docu¬ mented a functional tubai obstruction in children and adults presenting with a URTI without OM. Primary changes included increased extraluminal pres¬ sures and inefficiency of active tubai dilation measured by inflation-defla¬ tion methods.10 While not well docu¬ mented in humans, experiments using animal models showed that prolonged functional obstruction of the ET re¬ sulted in a period of middle ear under¬ pressures lasting from 2 to 4 weeks and culminating in frank OM.11These data provide a mechanistic rationale relating a mildly uncompli¬ cated URTI to the development of OM. However, early changes during which nasopharyngeal abnormalities result¬ ing from a URTI are expressed as tu¬ bai dysfunction remain undefined. Moreover, studies of tubai function have not been associated with specific viral pathogens, nor have they pro¬ vided a temporal profile of tube pathophysiologic features, nor have they re¬ lated these changes to the develop¬ ment of middle ear pressure alter¬ ations.We have used a rhinovirus challenge model to observe prospectively the temporal relationship between infec¬ tion and changes in tubai function and middle ear pressures. This model was chosen because rhinoviruses account for more than 30% of URTI episodes and naturally occurring rhinovirus in¬ fections were recently reported to pre¬ cede the development of OM in children.8 Because of ethical consider¬ ations, these studies were conducted in susceptible adult volunteers. Experi¬ mental rhinovirus infections...

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Acute Otitis Media in Children

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Incidence of Adenovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Incidence of Adenovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion Using the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Virale Krankheiten im HNO-Bereich

Alterations of the Eustachian Tube, Middle Ear, and Nose in Rhinovirus Infection

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