Acute otitis media develops in the rat after intranasal challenge of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>

Eriksson, Per; Hellström, Sten

doi:10.1097/00005537-200311000-00036

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Most episodes of severe OM are from bacterial causes, with the most common species involved being Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Nasopharyngeal colonization with otopathogens is considered to be a prerequisite to development of disease [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Vaccines that target these pathogens have the potential to reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and transmission, leading to a reduction in the prevalence of OM and in turn to a reduction in antibiotic prescriptions and children undergoing VTI surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCV7- and PCV10-Vaccinated Otitis-Prone Children in New Zealand Have Similar Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae Densities in Their Nasopharynx and Middle Ear

et al. 2019

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Otitis media (OM) is a major reason for antibiotic consumption and surgery in children. Nasopharyngeal carriage of otopathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), is a prerequisite for development of OM, and increased nasopharyngeal otopathogen density correlates with disease onset. Vaccines can reduce or eliminate otopathogen carriage, as demonstrated for pneumococcal serotypes included in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV). The 10-valent PCV (PCV10) includes an NTHi carrier protein, and in 2011 superseded 7-valent PCV on the New Zealand Immunisation Program. Data are conflicting on whether PCV10 provides protection against NTHi carriage or disease. Assessing this in otitis-prone cohorts is important for OM prevention. We compared otopathogen density in the nasopharynx and middle ear of New Zealand PCV7-vaccinated and PCV10-vaccinated otitis-prone and non-otitis-prone children to determine PCV10 impact on NTHi and S. pneumoniae carriage. We applied qPCR to specimens collected from 217 PCV7-vaccinated children (147 otitis-prone and 70 non-otitis-prone) and 240 PCV10-vaccinated children (178 otitis-prone and 62 non-otitis-prone). After correcting for age and day-care attendance, no difference was observed between NTHi density in the nasopharynx of PCV7-vaccinated versus PCV10-vaccinated otitis-prone (p = 0.563) or non-otitis-prone (p = 0.513) children. In contrast, pneumococcal nasopharyngeal density was higher in PCV10-vaccinated otitis-prone children than PCV7-vaccinated otitis-prone children (p = 0.003). There was no difference in otopathogen density in middle ear effusion from PCV7-vaccinated versus PCV10-vaccinated otitis-prone children (NTHi p = 0.918; S. pneumoniae p = 0.415). When pneumococcal carriage was assessed by vaccine serotypes (VT) and non-vaccine serotypes (NVT), there was no difference in VT density (p = 0.546) or NVT density (p = 0.315) between all PCV7-vaccinated versus all PCV10-vaccinated children. In summary, PCV10 did not reduce NTHi density in the nasopharynx or middle ear, and was associated with increased pneumococcal nasopharyngeal density in otitis-prone children in New Zealand. Development of therapies that prevent or reduce otopathogen colonisation density in the nasopharynx are warranted to reduce the burden of OM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCV7- and PCV10-Vaccinated Otitis-Prone Children in New Zealand Have Similar Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae Densities in Their Nasopharynx and Middle Ear

et al. 2019

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Modèles animaux de l’otite moyenne aiguë – une mise au point avec des implications pratiques pour la recherche en laboratoire

Davidoss

Varsak

Maria

2018

Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Ce

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Animal models of acute otitis media – A review with practical implications for laboratory research

Davidoss

Varsak

Maria

2018

European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases

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Considerable animal research has focused on developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute otitis media (AOM). Several experimental models of AOM have thus been developed. A PubMed search of the English literature was conducted from 1975 to July 2016 using the search terms "animal model" and "otitis media" from which 91 published studies were included for analysis, yielding 123 animal models. The rat, mouse and chinchilla are the preferred animals for experimental AOM models with their individual advantages and disadvantages. The most common pathogens used to create AOM are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Streptococcus pneumoniae (types 3, 23 and 6A) and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are best options for inoculation into rat and mouse models. Adding viral pathogens such as RSV and Influenza A virus, along with creating ET dysfunction, are useful adjuncts in animal models of AOM. Antibiotic prophylaxis may interfere with the inflammatory response without a significant reduction in animal mortality.

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Acute otitis media develops in the rat after intranasal challenge of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Abstract: Repeated intranasal deposition of S. pneumoniae, type 3, causes AOM in the rat. The development of AOM can be influenced by tympanic membrane stimulation.

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

PCV7- and PCV10-Vaccinated Otitis-Prone Children in New Zealand Have Similar Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae Densities in Their Nasopharynx and Middle Ear

PCV7- and PCV10-Vaccinated Otitis-Prone Children in New Zealand Have Similar Pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae Densities in Their Nasopharynx and Middle Ear

Modèles animaux de l’otite moyenne aiguë – une mise au point avec des implications pratiques pour la recherche en laboratoire

Animal models of acute otitis media – A review with practical implications for laboratory research

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