Acute objective and subjective intoxication effects of legal-market high potency THC-dominant versus CBD-dominant cannabis concentrates

Drennan, M L; Karoly, Hollis C.; Bryan, Angela D.; Hutchison, Kent E.; Bidwell, L. Cinnamon

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01128-2

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Acute intoxication associated with cannabinoids is relatively uncommon but is of increasing frequency due to the introduction of synthetic cannabinoids into current preparations as well as the increase in 9-THC concentrations over time [281]. The effects are often compounded by adulterants added to the street preparation of cannabinoids.…”

Section: Overdose Addictive Potential and Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists

Laudański

Wain

2022

JCM

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Increased usage of recreational and medically indicated cannabinoid compounds has been an undeniable reality for anesthesiologists in recent years. These compounds’ complicated pharmacology, composition, and biological effects result in challenging issues for anesthesiologists during different phases of perioperative care. Here, we review the existing formulation of cannabinoids and their biological activity to put them into the context of the anesthesia plan execution. Perioperative considerations should include a way to gauge the patient’s intake of cannabinoids, the ability to gain consent properly, and vigilance to the increased risk of pulmonary and airway problems. Intraoperative management in individuals with cannabinoid use is complicated by the effects cannabinoids have on general anesthetics and depth of anesthesia monitoring while simultaneously increasing the potential occurrence of intraoperative hemodynamic instability. Postoperative planning should involve higher vigilance to the risk of postoperative strokes and acute coronary syndromes. However, most of the data are not up to date, rending definite conclusions on the importance of perioperative cannabinoid intake on anesthesia management difficult.

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Section: Overdose Addictive Potential and Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxiety, hostility, paranoia, flushed eyes, erratic behavior, and tachycardia are commonly found [78]. However, these effects are unlikely to occur in cases of cannabidiol consumption [78,281].…”

Section: Overdose Addictive Potential and Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists

Laudański

Wain

2022

JCM

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“…This project will leverage a mobile laboratory-an innovative method compliant with federal law that facilitates naturalistic, observational studies of legalmarket cannabis-to investigate these relationships. This method has been well-established by researchers in the state of Colorado [11,[19][20][21][22][23], where legal-market cannabis is prevalent and individuals have access to a wide variety of recreational cannabis products. Using this observational design, we will be able to explore the effects of legal-market cannabis concentrates as they are used in the real world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for a mobile laboratory study of co-administration of cannabis concentrates with a standard alcohol dose in humans

et al. 2022

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Cannabis is commonly used among people who drink alcohol, yet evidence on acute effects of co-use is conflicting. Two important variables that may influence the effects of cannabis and alcohol are cannabinoid content (i.e., the ratio of cannabidiol [CBD] and 9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) as well as the order of use (i.e., cannabis before alcohol vs. alcohol before cannabis). Research is mixed regarding the acute imapct of cannabis on alcohol consumption and intoxication, with some studies suggesting additive effects of alcohol and cannabis, and others demonstrating negligible effects of combining these substances. Further complicating this, high-THC-content cannabis concentrates are increasingly popular on the legal-market, but to our knowledge, no studies have explored concentrate and alcohol co-use. In addition to cannabinoid content, order of use may influence intoxication and other acute effects, but is also understudied. Co-use studies typically administer a fixed dose of alcohol before cannabis, and there is a lack of data on the acute effects of cannabis before alcohol. Thus, there is a need for experimental co-use studies exploring the impact of cannabinoid content (particularly of highly potent cannabis concentrates) and order effects on intoxication. This study uses a federally-compliant mobile laboratory procedure to explore the effects of co-administration of legal-market cannabis concentrates with a moderate alcohol dose (.8g/kg) in a sample of community participants who regularly use alcohol and cannabis. The study will also explore alcohol and cannabis order effects (cannabis before alcohol vs. alcohol before cannabis). Outcomes are objective intoxication (measured using blood cannabinoid level, heart rate, psychomotor performance and breath alcohol level [BrAC]) and subjective intoxication (assessed via self-report measures). Overall, this study may influence harm-reduction recommendations for individuals who drink alcohol and use cannabis.

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“…Second, we assessed for potential moderation by affective disturbances at baseline on acute postuse subjective drug and mood-altering effects. Based on our previous reported results in this sample (Drennan et al, 2021), we hypothesized that there would be a three-way interaction between baseline affective disturbance, time, and condition on subjective responses to concentrate products immediately after use. However, due to the lack of existing research in this area, we did not have a directional hypothesis regarding the differential associations between acute response to THC and CBD specifically and affective disturbance at baseline.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…THC = Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; CBD = cannabidiol; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Task; MDS = Marijuana Dependence Scale; 11-OH-THC = 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol; THC-COOH = 11-nor-9carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. a Blood cannabinoids vary from previously reported levels(Drennan et al, 2021) due to the processing of nine additional samples since the publication of the last study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Baseline affective symptomatology moderates acute subjective effects of high potency THC and CBD cannabis concentrates.

Martin‐Willett¹,

Skrzynski²,

Karoly³

et al. 2023

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Highly potent cannabis concentrates are widely available and associated with affective disturbance and cannabis use disorder. Little is known about the effects of concentrated Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) and their relationship to long-term affect. We explored how baseline affective symptoms (anxiety and depression) relate to acute (i.e., immediate or short-term) subjective mood and intoxication effects during naturalistic use of cannabis concentrates. Fifty-four cannabis users (48% female; Mage = 29.87) were assigned to ad libitum use of either a THC-dominant (84.99% THC and THCa, <1% CBD) or CBD-dominant (74.7% CBD, 4.1% CBDa, 4.5% THC and THCa) concentrate. Individuals were assessed at baseline and before, immediately after, and 1 hr after naturalistic use of their assigned product. Models regressed each outcome on time, product condition, baseline affective symptoms, and their interactions. An interaction emerged between condition and baseline depression symptoms on positive mood (F = 9.47, p < .005); higher depression symptom level was associated with higher positive mood with THC-dominant product use. There was an interaction between condition, baseline depression symptoms, and time on negative mood (F = 5.55, p < .01); negative mood decreased with CBD-dominant product use for all depression symptom levels but increased with THC-dominant product use at high levels. Finally, there was an interaction between condition and time on intoxication (F = 3.72, p = .03); the THC-dominant condition was more intoxicated postuse than the CBD-dominant condition. This novel exploratory study suggests that baseline affect moderates the acute effects of ad libitum use of THC and CBD concentrates such that preexisting affective symptoms modulate the intensity of subjective drug experiences.

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Acute objective and subjective intoxication effects of legal-market high potency THC-dominant versus CBD-dominant cannabis concentrates

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists

Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists

Protocol for a mobile laboratory study of co-administration of cannabis concentrates with a standard alcohol dose in humans

Baseline affective symptomatology moderates acute subjective effects of high potency THC and CBD cannabis concentrates.

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