Acute norovirus gastroenteritis in children in a highly rotavirus-vaccinated population in Northeast Brazil

Santos, Victor Santana; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiróz; Cavalcante, Sandra M.M.; Kirby, Andrew; Café, Lilian Pinheiro Santos; Souto, Maria Júlia Silveira; Dolabella, Silvio Santana; Assis, Matheus R. de; Fumian, Túlio Machado; Miagostovich, Marize Pereira; Cunliffe, Nigel A.; Cuevas, Luís E.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.10.015

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This value is similar to the lately assessed positivity rate of wildtype rotaviruses in the same sample set [14]. Due to the recent introduction of anti-rotavirus vaccines in Ethiopia, the relative role of norovirus and sapovirus-related diarrhoea cases is likely to increase in the future [21, 22]. The high number of calicivirus and rotavirus co-infections indicates frequent exposure to viral enteric pathogens, which may be shed for weeks after acute infection [23–25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Molecular detection and characterisation of sapoviruses and noroviruses in outpatient children with diarrhoea in Northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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Childhood morbidity and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases are high, particularly in low-income countries and noroviruses and sapoviruses are among the most frequent causes worldwide. Their epidemiology and diversity remain not well studied in many African countries. To assess the positivity rate and the diversity of sapoviruses and noroviruses in Northwest Ethiopia, during November 2015 and April 2016, a total of 450 faecal samples were collected from outpatient children aged <5 years who presented with diarrhoea. Samples were screened for noroviruses and sapoviruses by real-time RT-PCR. Partial VP1 genes were sequenced, genotyped and phylogenetically analysed. Norovirus and sapovirus stool positivity rate was 13.3% and 10.0%, respectively. Noroviruses included GII.4 (35%), GII.6 (20%), GII.17 (13.3%), GII.10 (10%), GII.2 (6.7%), GII.16 (5%), GII.7 (3.3%), GII.9, GII.13, GII.20 and GI.3 (1.7% each) strains. For sapoviruses, GI.1, GII.1 (20.0% each), GII.6 (13.3%), GI.2 (8.9%), GII.2 (11.1%), GV.1 (8.9%), GIV.1 (6.7%), GI.3 and GII.4 (2.2% each) genotypes were detected. This study demonstrates a high genetic diversity of noroviruses and sapoviruses in Northwest Ethiopia. The positivity rate in stool samples from young children with diarrhoea was high for both caliciviruses. Continued monitoring is recommended to identify trends in genetic diversity and seasonal variations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Molecular detection and characterisation of sapoviruses and noroviruses in outpatient children with diarrhoea in Northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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“…The results show that the prevalence of RV infections decreased substantially, from 82.6% to 36.5% after RV vaccine implementation, while NoV and HAdV increased from 8.5% to 33% and from 7.4% to 29.6%, respectively (Figure 1). This is in line with previous studies, which also found an increase in the frequency of other causes of gastroenteritis after widespread RV vaccination 25,26 . The NoV genotyping results can be found in Table S2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of rotavirus vaccine implementation on the prevalence of coinfections with enteric viruses in Norway

Gibory

Dembinski

Flem

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common illness in both adults and children worldwide and is caused by several microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Rotavirus (RV), which is the main cause of AGE, can occur as a mixed infection with other viruses. The aim of this study is to assess the molecular epidemiology of viral enteric viruses and assess RV coinfections with other enteric viruses and their influence on disease severity before and after RV vaccine introduction in children under 5 years of age. A total of 600 samples collected from children hospitalized for AGE in five large hospitals in Norway, and were analyzed for viral gastroenteritis agents by enzyme immunoassay and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Positive results confirmed either by Sanger sequencing or genotyped by multiplex semi‐nested RT‐PCR. In total, 243 of the 300 (81%) samples, collected from the prevaccine cohort, were positive for at least one of the four viruses tested in this study. RV was most frequently identified in 82.6% of the samples. In the postvaccine cohort, 114 of the 300 (38%) samples were positive for at least one of the viruses tested. RV found in 36.5% of the samples. Coinfections found less frequently in the postvaccine cohort. Among circulating enteric viruses in Norway, RV is the most important cause of viral gastrointestinal infection. As expected, there were fewer RV positive and fewer coinfections after RV vaccine implementation. The results provide valuable data that can aid in further evaluation of the vaccine impact.

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“…Therefore, combined characterization of both capsid and polymerase regions is substantial to monitor the new recombinant strains and the new emerging NoV genotype worldwide. GII.1 capsid genotype found in this study has been recently reported in Cameroon [ 48 ], Brazil [ 49 , 50 ], Australia [ 51 ], India [ 52 ], and elsewhere [ 53 – 55 ]. This genotype is frequently reported from both clinical cases and environmental samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…(iii) GII.1 capsid genotype found in this study has been recently reported in Cameroon [48], Brazil [49,50], Australia [51], India [52], and elsewhere [53][54][55]. is genotype is frequently reported from both clinical cases and environmental samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Molecular Characterization of Norovirus Strains Isolated from Older Children and Adults in Impoverished Communities of Vhembe District, South Africa

Mulondo

Khumela

Kabue

et al. 2020

Advances in Virology

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Background. Human norovirus (NoV) is an etiological agent associated with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in both children and adults worldwide. However, very few studies have been reported on the prevalence and genetic diversity of NoV strains in children older than 5 years of age and adults with little or inadequate water and sanitation conditions. Objectives. The aim of this study was assessing the prevalence of the human norovirus in older children and adults suffering with diarrhoea from rural communities in the Vhembe district, Limpopo province. Methods. Between August 2017 and October 2018, stool samples were collected from outpatients suffering from AGE and screened for NoV strains using the RIDA©GENE norovirus I and II real-time one-step RT-PCR. RNA extracts of NoV-positive samples were subjected to RT-PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing to genotype the positive NoV strains. Results. Out of 80 collected stool samples, 13 (16%) were tested positive for norovirus. Genogroup GII was identified in 6/13 (46%) samples and genogroup GI in 7/13 (54%) samples. The sequence analyses showed multiple genotypes including GII.Pg, GII.1, GII.2, GII.4, and GI.3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the relatedness of NoV genotypes identified with other strains reported globally. Conclusion. Continued systematic surveillance to evaluate norovirus association with diarrhoea is needed to assist with epidemiological surveillance and disease burden in people of all the age groups.

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Acute norovirus gastroenteritis in children in a highly rotavirus-vaccinated population in Northeast Brazil

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Molecular detection and characterisation of sapoviruses and noroviruses in outpatient children with diarrhoea in Northwest Ethiopia

Molecular detection and characterisation of sapoviruses and noroviruses in outpatient children with diarrhoea in Northwest Ethiopia

Effect of rotavirus vaccine implementation on the prevalence of coinfections with enteric viruses in Norway

Molecular Characterization of Norovirus Strains Isolated from Older Children and Adults in Impoverished Communities of Vhembe District, South Africa

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