Acute neurological disease as a trigger or co-occurrence of transient global amnesia: a case series and systematic review

Piffer, Silvio; Nannoni, Stefania; Maulucci, Francesco; Beaud, Valérie; Rouaud, Olivier; Cereda, Carlo; Maeder, Philippe; Michel, Patrik

doi:10.1007/s10072-022-06259-6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Supporting this hypothesis, Piffer et al proposed that “Acute vascular … events may trigger TGAs … by activating direct pathways within the nervous system leading to TGA, or alternatively elicit a bodily sympathetic overactivity cascade.,” indicating that vascular changes might have an influence not only when resulting in stroke ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral artery hypoplasia and hemodynamic impairment in transient global amnesia: a case control study

Werner,

Ekstrom,

Kureck

et al. 2024

Front. Neurol.

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IntroductionThe aetiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) is still a matter of debate. Besides ischemia of the mesial temporal lobe including the hippocampus, migraine-like mechanisms, epileptic seizures affecting mnestic structures, or venous congestion in the (para) hippocampal area due to jugular vein insufficiency have been discussed. We assessed the diameters of the intracranial arteries of TGA patients compared to controls to identify differences that support the hypothesis of reduced hippocampal perfusion as a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology of TGA.MethodsWe reviewed magnetic resonance imaging time of flight angiographies (TOF-MRA) that were acquired during in-patient treatment of 206 patients with acute TGA.ResultsThe diameters of the vertebral artery (VA) in the V4 segment, the proximal basilar artery, and the internal carotid arteries were measured manually. We compared the findings with TOF-MRA images of an age and sex matched control group of neurological patients without known cerebrovascular pathology. In TGA patients the diameter of the right VA was significantly (p < 0.01) smaller compared to controls (2.09 mm vs. 2.35 mm). There were no significant differences in the diameters of the other vessels. Only the fetal variant of the posterior cerebral artery was slightly more common in TGA.DiscussionThe smaller diameter (hypoplasia) of the right VA supports the hypothesis of a contribution of hemodynamic factors to the pathophysiology of TGA. The fact that hypoplasia represents a congenital condition might be the explanation why previous studies failed to find an increased rate of the classical (acquired) vascular risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral artery hypoplasia and hemodynamic impairment in transient global amnesia: a case control study

Werner,

Ekstrom,

Kureck

et al. 2024

Front. Neurol.

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“…Focal neurological deficits are absent, and the transient nature of the memory deficit is a key element for diagnosis, but of limited utility during the acute evaluation. MRI can demonstrate hippocampal punctate diffusion lesions (HPDL) ( Figures 5A , B ) or rarely extra-hippocampal punctate diffusion lesions (E-HPDL), but it can also be normal ( 88 , 89 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute amnestic syndrome in fornix lesions: a systematic review of reported cases with a focus on differential diagnosis

Mazzacane,

Ferrari,

Malvaso

et al. 2024

Front. Neurol.

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IntroductionAcute amnestic syndrome is an uncommon clinical presentation of neurological disease. Differential diagnosis encompasses several syndromes including Wernicke-Korsakoff and transient global amnesia (TGA). Structural lesions of the fornix account for a minority of cases of acute amnestic syndromes. Etiology varies from iatrogenic injury to ischemic, inflammatory, or neoplastic lesions. A prompt diagnosis of the underlying pathology is essential but challenging. The aim of this review is to systematically review the existing literature regarding cases of acute amnestic syndrome associated with non-iatrogenic lesions of the fornix.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to September 2023 to identify case reports and case series of patients with amnestic syndrome due to fornix lesions. The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The research was limited to articles written in English. Cases of fornix damage directly ascribable to a surgical procedure were excluded.ResultsA total of 52 publications reporting 55 cases were included in the review. Focusing on acute/subacute onset, vascular etiology was highly prevalent, being responsible for 78% of cases, 40/55 (74%) of which were due to acute ischemic stroke. The amnestic syndrome was characterized by anterograde amnesia in all patients, associated with retrograde amnesia in 27% of cases. Amnesia was an isolated presentation in most cases. Up to two thirds of patients had persistent memory deficits of any severity at follow-up.DiscussionAcute amnestic syndrome can be rarely caused by fornix lesions. In most cases of acute/subacute presentation, the etiology is ischemic stroke, mainly caused by strokes involving the subcallosal artery territory. The differential diagnosis is challenging and a distinction from common mimics is often difficult on a clinical basis. A high index of suspicion should be maintained to avoid misdiagnosis and provide adequate acute treatment to patients with time-dependent disease, also employing advanced neuroimaging. More research is needed to better understand the outcome and identify prognostic factors in patients with amnestic syndrome due to fornix lesions.

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“…Acute neurological diseases include traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and intracerebral hemorrhage ( Zhang et al, 2021 ; Piffer et al, 2022 ). Stress such as sudden trauma causes tissue destruction in a short time, followed by progressive excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy collapse, eventually leading to cell death ( Cheng et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Evidence For the Involvement Of Mitochondrial Transport In A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial transport in neurons and evidence for its involvement in acute neurological disorders

Lu,

Feng,

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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Ensuring mitochondrial quality is essential for maintaining neuronal homeostasis, and mitochondrial transport plays a vital role in mitochondrial quality control. In this review, we first provide an overview of neuronal mitochondrial transport, followed by a detailed description of the various motors and adaptors associated with the anterograde and retrograde transport of mitochondria. Subsequently, we review the modest evidence involving mitochondrial transport mechanisms that has surfaced in acute neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke. An in-depth study of this area will help deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of various acute neurological disorders and ultimately improve therapeutic options.

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Acute neurological disease as a trigger or co-occurrence of transient global amnesia: a case series and systematic review

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Vertebral artery hypoplasia and hemodynamic impairment in transient global amnesia: a case control study

Vertebral artery hypoplasia and hemodynamic impairment in transient global amnesia: a case control study

Acute amnestic syndrome in fornix lesions: a systematic review of reported cases with a focus on differential diagnosis

Mitochondrial transport in neurons and evidence for its involvement in acute neurological disorders

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