Acute myocarditis. Rapid diagnosis by PCR in children.

Martin, Ameeta B.; Webber, Steve; Fricker, F. Jay; Jaffe, Randal C.; Demmler, Gail J.; Kearney, Debra L.; Zhang, Y H; Bodurtha, J; Gelb, Bruce D.; Ni, Jiyuan

doi:10.1161/01.cir.90.1.330

Cited by 357 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues have been used to detect genomes of adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and enterovirus (Lozinski et al, 1994;Martin et al, 1994). This method of detecting hepatitis C virus genomes from formalin-fixed paraffin cardiac specimens has enabled us to widen our research into HCV infection using biopsy or autopsy specimens, and it has been helpful in identifying the presence of HCV infection in cardiac myopathic disorders.…”

Section: Hepatitis C Virus In Cardiomyopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus from the Hearts of Patients with Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy

Matsumori

Yutani

Ikeda

et al. 2000

Laboratory Investigation

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SUMMARY:The myocardium may be the target of several types of viral infections. The importance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been recently noted in patients with myocarditis and in patients with dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The present study sought to detect HCV genomes in formalin-fixed paraffin sections of autopsied hearts from patients with myocarditis and patients with dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Paraffin sections were deparaffinized, RNA was extracted, and the positive and negative strands of HCV RNA were detected by performing reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction. The polymerase chain reaction products were cloned and sequenced. ␤-actin gene was used as a control for the successful amplification of a housekeeping gene. Among 106 hearts examined, ␤-actin gene was amplified in 61 hearts (57.5%). Among the latter, HCV RNA was detected in 13 hearts (21.3%), and negative strands in 4 hearts (6.6%). HCV RNA was found in 4 hearts (33.3%) with myocarditis, in 3 hearts (11.5%) with dilated cardiomyopathy, and in 6 hearts (26.0%) with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The sequences recovered from nine patients were highly homologous to the standard strain of HCV. HCV genomes were not found in either 35 hearts from patients with myocardial infarction or 20 hearts from patients with noncardiac diseases. These HCV RNA positive samples were obtained from 1 heart in 1979, 7 hearts between 1980 and 1989, and 5 hearts since 1990, indicating that HCV RNA can be amplified from paraffin-embedded hearts preserved for many years. This method of detecting HCV genomes in formalin-fixed paraffin cardiac specimens has enabled us to widen our research into HCV infection and has been helpful in identifying the presence of HCV infection in cardiac myopathic disorders. (Lab Invest 2000, 80:1137-1142.

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Section: Hepatitis C Virus In Cardiomyopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus from the Hearts of Patients with Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy

Matsumori

Yutani

Ikeda

et al. 2000

Laboratory Investigation

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“…1,2 Several studies, using a molecular approach, have reported that different cardiotropic viruses have been implicated in most cases of human myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. 3,4 Whether myocyte damage in the early phase of the disease is primarily linked to the viral presence or to immunomediated damage is still under discussion; however, it is now accepted that the progression of the disease is mainly sustained by immunomechanisms. 5 The presence of heterogeneous inflammatory cell populations in inflammatory cardiomyopathy implies the existence of a complex, cytokine-rich microenvironment that may contribute to the pathogenesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and TNFα receptor I in human viral myocarditis: clinicopathologic correlations

et al. 2004

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Proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)a, have been recognized as important physiopathogenetic factors in the initiation and continuation of inflammatory cardiomyopathies. Experimental and preliminary human studies have demonstrated that TNFa plays a crucial role in enteroviral-induced myocarditis. In this study, we investigated the expression of TNFa and both its receptors (TNFRI and TNFRII) in both viral and nonviral myocarditis. Myocardial expression of TNFa was then correlated with different clinical and pathologic findings. TNFa expression was investigated in endomyocardial biopsies obtained from 38 patients with myocarditis and from eight control subjects by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Viral etiology was diagnosed by PCR in 20 cases: enterovirus in seven, Epstein-Barr virus in four, hepatitis C virus in three, adenovirus in two, influenza virus in two, cytomegalovirus in one, and double infection adenovirus and enterovirus in one. Immunohistochemistry was also used to analyze both TNFa receptors (RI and RII). A semiquantitative analysis was employed (score 0-3) for necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis and immunohistochemical findings. TNFa mRNA and TNFa protein were significantly more present in viral myocarditis than in nonviral myocarditis (16/20 vs 3/18, P ¼ 0.001). Remarkable immunostaining was observed for both receptors, particularly TNFRI. Histological analysis revealed that myocardial necrosis (mean score 1.89 vs 1.15, P ¼ 0.01) and cellular infiltration (mean score 2.26 vs 1.78, P ¼ 0.05) were more prominent in TNFa-positive cases. Among TNFa-positive cases, the greater TNFa mRNAs, the more impaired was cardiac function. Our findings suggest that the expression of TNFa may play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis of any etiology and may influence the severity of cardiac dysfunction. Cytokine effects are more strictly linked to overexpression of TNFRI.

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“…The same findings were reported by Lee et al [13] and De Winter et al [14], who showed that GMPS provides further data in addition to clinical and perfusion information for the prediction of cardiac death. GMPS parameters had good correlation with echocardiographic items [15].…”

Section: Hamid Javadi Et Al Gmps In Myocarditismentioning

confidence: 82%

The role of gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (GMPS) in myocarditis: a case report and review of the literature

Javadi¹,

Jallalat²,

Pourbehi³

et al. 2011

Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur.

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Acute myocarditis is one of the most challenging diagnoses and treatments in cardiology. The acute viral myocarditis diagnosis is usually based on high suspicion, history taking, and physical examination. Likewise, the use of chest radiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and echocardiography is helpful in making a final diagnosis, but all are non-specific. In addition, in imaging query, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicts some degree of cardiac inflammation in the course of myocarditis.Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has also been shown to be useful in diagnosis, and this noninvasive technique diminishes the need for myocardial biopsy. The current study presents the diagnostic and prognostic role of MPI in a 25-year-old patient

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Acute myocarditis. Rapid diagnosis by PCR in children.

Cited by 357 publications

References 36 publications

Hepatitis C Virus from the Hearts of Patients with Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy

Hepatitis C Virus from the Hearts of Patients with Myocarditis and Cardiomyopathy

Overexpression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and TNFα receptor I in human viral myocarditis: clinicopathologic correlations

The role of gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (GMPS) in myocarditis: a case report and review of the literature

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