Acute Myocardial Infarction and Acute Coronary Syndrome: Then and Now (1950–2005)

Malach, Monte; Imperato, Pascal James

doi:10.1111/j.1520-037x.2006.05230.x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…41,49 These advances made it possible, rather than to simply observe the natural history of ACS complications, to intervene and attempt to modify the natural course of illness. Use of emergency medical systems, initially established for trauma care and to transport patients with suspected ACS, has also helped reduce the time between symptom onset and intervention, despite underutilization by many individuals who have acute events.…”

Section: Rise and Fall Of Ihd Mortality In Hicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Perspective on Acute Coronary Syndrome

Vedanthan

Seligman

Fuster

2014

Circulation Research

212

137

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Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the greatest single cause of mortality and loss of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide, and a substantial portion of this burden falls on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Deaths from IHD and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occur, on average, at younger ages in LMICs than in high-income countries, often at economically productive ages, and likewise frequently affect the poor within LMICs. While data regarding ACS in LMICs are limited, there is a growing literature in this area and the research gaps are being steadily filled. In high-income countries, decades of investigation into the risk factors for ACS and development of behavioral programs, medications, interventional procedures, and guidelines have provided us with the tools to prevent and treat events. Although similar tools can be, and in fact have been, implemented in many LMICs, challenges remain in the development and implementation of cardiovascular health promotion activities across the entire life course, as well as in access to treatment for ACS and IHD. Intersectoral policy initiatives and global coordination are critical elements of ACS and IHD control strategies. Addressing the hurdles and scaling successful health promotion, clinical and policy efforts in LMICs are necessary in order to adequately address the global burden of ACS and IHD.

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Section: Rise and Fall Of Ihd Mortality In Hicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Perspective on Acute Coronary Syndrome

Vedanthan

Seligman

Fuster

2014

Circulation Research

212

137

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“…As medical technology improved, treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) evolved from bed rest to more active and interventional management, greatly reducing the case-fatality rate (13,34,81). Once patients reached the hospital, they benefited from the emergence of coronary intensive care units during the 1960s, which heralded a new chapter in the treatment of AMI (66).…”

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proportion of the Decline in Cardiovascular Mortality Disease due to Prevention Versus Treatment: Public Health Versus Clinical Care

Ford

Capewell

2011

Annu. Rev. Public Health

255

179

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Mortality rates from coronary heart disease (CHD), which had risen during the twentieth century in many countries, started declining in some countries during the 1960s. Once initial skepticism about the validity of the observed trends dissipated, researchers attempted to generate explanations about the events that had transpired using a variety of techniques, including ecological examinations of the trends in risk factors for CHD and changes in management of CHD, multivariate risk equations, and increasingly sophisticated modeling techniques. Improvements in risk factors as well as changes in cardiac treatments have both contributed to the reductions in CHD mortality, although estimates of their contributions have varied among countries. Models suggest that additional large reductions in CHD mortality are feasible by either improving the distribution of risk factors in the population or raising the percentage of patients receiving evidence-based treatments.

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“…Although, there is controversy on the mechanism of cholesterol reduction by saponins, there is a consensus on its ultimate reduction (Temel et al, 2009). Mortality from cardiovascular disease is ranked the second highest cause of death worldwide (Malach and Imperato, 2006). This anomaly is generally attributed to the elevated levels of plasma cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) which results in coronary heart disease (Altman, 2003;Jalali-khanabadi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Morphology Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of liposomes using -phosphotidycholine and metabolites obtained from Elephantorrhiza elephantina and Pentanisia prunelloides

Mpofu¹,

Msagati²,

Krause³

2014

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Plant saponins exhibit numerous pharmacological characteristics desirable for long term hyperlipidemic therapy through their cholesterol binding capacity due to the formation of liposomes/phytosomes which ultimately decreases the gastrointestinal absorption of cholesterol. This may result in the reduction of the blood plasma cholesterol levels; hence, mitigating cardiovascular and atherosclerotic problems that are associated with elevated plasma cholesterol concentrations. In this study, we reported for the first time a potential method of synthesizing phytosomes/liposomes from two medicinal plants Pentanisia prunelloides (Rubiaceae) and Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Fabaceae) saponin extracts and fractions using α-phosphotidycholine and cholesterol. This was done to explore the possibility of cholesterol binding capacity of fractions and extracts of the two medicinal plants as a justification of their application by traditional healers in managing body weight as well as averting hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Spherical nanoparticles/phytosomes/liposomes were clearly identified in the TEM images with particle sizes ranging between tens and hundreds of nanometers. The zeta potential of the nanoparticles fell between -5 and +5 mV indicating that they have a high potential for aggregation; hence, making it relatively very difficult for the complexed cholesterol molecules to permeate the microscopic pores in the alimentary tract.

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Acute Myocardial Infarction and Acute Coronary Syndrome: Then and Now (1950–2005)

Cited by 15 publications

References 54 publications

Global Perspective on Acute Coronary Syndrome

Global Perspective on Acute Coronary Syndrome

Proportion of the Decline in Cardiovascular Mortality Disease due to Prevention Versus Treatment: Public Health Versus Clinical Care

Synthesis of liposomes using -phosphotidycholine and metabolites obtained from Elephantorrhiza elephantina and Pentanisia prunelloides

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